black hole dyson sphereblack hole dyson sphere

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Assuming a Dyson sphere with a radius of 1 AU (the distance from the sun to Earth), a thickness of 2 m, and a density of 2.5 g/cm^3 (comparable to the density of rock), the total mass of the Dyson sphere would be approximately: Mass = (4/3) * pi * (1 AU)^3 * (2.5 g/cm^3) * (2 m) 4.18 x 10^23 g. To build such a structure, large quantities of various materials would be required. Q: Ok. Lets reduce the size of the Dyson sphere. It has a differentiated interior, which means that it has distinct layers of different materials, making it an interesting target for scientific exploration and mining. It could be used for the framework and support structure of the Dyson sphere. Silicon: (0.5) * (4.18 x 10^23 g) = 2.09 x 10^23 g, Carbon: (0.25) * (4.18 x 10^23 g) = 1.04 x 10^23 g, Metals: (0.25) * (4.18 x 10^23 g) = 1.04 x 10^23 g, Carbon: $1.00 $10.00 per kg (depending on the type of carbon), Silicon: (2.09 x 10^23 g) * ($1.00 $2.50 per kg) $4.18 x 10^23 $1.04 x 10^24, Carbon: (1.04 x 10^23 g) * ($1.00 $10.00 per kg) $1.04 x 10^23 $1.04 x 10^24, Metals: (1.04 x 10^23 g) * ($0.50 $1.50 per kg) $5.21 x 10^22 $1.56 x 10^23, Silicon: (0.5) * (1.67 x 10^24 g) = 8.35 x 10^23 g, Carbon: (0.25) * (1.67 x 10^24 g) = 4.18 x 10^23 g, Metals: (0.25) * (1.67 x 10^24 g) = 4.18 x 10^23 g, Silicon: (8.35 x 10^23 g) * ($1.00 $2.50 per kg) $1.67 x 10^24 $4.18 x 10^24, Carbon: (4.18 x 10^23 g) * ($1.00 $10.00 per kg) $4.18 x 10^23 $4.18 x 10^24, Metals: (4.18 x 10^23 g) * ($0.50 $1.50 per kg) $2.09 x 10^23 $6.26 x 10^23. The composition of this material would include silicon, carbon and metals. Withdrawing a paper after acceptance modulo revisions? A: To estimate how many asteroids we would need to mine to obtain enough materials for a Dyson sphere at a distance of 2 AU and 2 meters thick, we would need to make several assumptions about the composition of the asteroids and the efficiency of our mining and refining processes. Since a blackbody radiates uniformly in all directions, the fraction of the energy emitted by any portion of the DS intercepted by the BH will simply be the BH area divided by half the area of DS. I expect there would be neutrinos too, but it's still a pretty dramatic conversion of matter into energy. Drilling equipment: Depending on the location and distribution of the metal on Psyche, drilling equipment may be needed to access the metal deposits deep within the asteroid. Imagine doing it by mistake first time. anyway the smallest stellar black hole would be at least above 3 solar masses so either depends on your mass a stable orbit without artificial acceleration is given by Force(net) equal to (Mass(1 swarm) multiply by velocity square) divided by distance. In the case of a solid body, the swallowing of mass has a cumulative effect. What is the difference between these 2 index setups? Accretion disks also routinely produce high-energy beams, or jets, of plasma that rocket away from the disk and the Black Hole at velocities close to the speed of light. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. To absorb the accretion disc luminosity, a Dyson ring or a Dyson Swarm could be a Some of the metals that would be required include: These metals are just a few examples of the many different types of metals that would be required for building a Dyson sphere. Use MathJax to format equations. If a structure were to be built around the black holes event horizon, it would constantly be disturbed by falling matter, and it would have to be built to survive temperatures up to 2,700 degrees Celsius. Copy a link to the article entitled http://Could%20aliens%20suck%20the%20energy%20from%20black%20holes%20with%20Dyson%20Spheres? This obviously involves some pretty extreme astronomical engineering. Can a rotating object accelerate by changing shape? If that is close enough to "insignificant", there is no need to go further. If you transmit it, relativity makes that complicated; if you store it, you have to lift it out of the black hole's gravity well. It is believed to contain water, carbon, and other minerals that could be valuable for space exploration and construction. But what if a more advanced extraterrestrial civilization is not only building megastructures that surround stars, but turning to the infamous beasts of the cosmos for energy: black holes. A black hole Dyson Sphere would be the mark of a Type III civilization one with the capacity to collect the energy equivalent of an entire galaxy. Why should there be an accretion disc? There are quantised zones where orbits are possible or not possible, so dont take other answers at face value if they involve relativistic speeds or distances within a few radii. And that's your homework! The SLS will use a combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuel to power its engines, and it will be able to launch both crewed and uncrewed missions. Additionally, there may be other sources of materials that could be used for building the Dyson sphere beyond just asteroids. In the English translation of his 1920 book "Relativity: the special and general theory" he wrote: "according to the general theory of relativity, the law of the constancy of the velocity [Einstein clearly means speed here, since velocity (a vector) is not in keeping with the rest of his sentence] of light in vacuo, which constitutes one of the two fundamental assumptions in the special theory of relativity [] cannot claim any unlimited validity. [16][17], Although Dyson sphere systems are theoretically possible, building a stable megastructure around the sun is currently far beyond humanity's engineering capacity. Sign up for a small monthly payment and enjoy ads-free browsing at 3QD, Make a one-time donation and enjoy ads-free browsing at 3QD. WebThe innermost Dyson sphere of the Matrioshka brain would draw energy directly from the star it surrounds and give off large amounts of waste heat while computing at a high temperature. Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. Of all the considered parameters, the researchers conclude, just the accretion disk, the corona (which is the plasma gas surrounding a black hole), and the relativistic jets are promising energy sources. Sign up to receive daily breaking news, reviews, opinion, analysis, deals and more from the world of tech. Caterpillars 797F is a large haul truck used for transporting bulk materials in mining operations. DOI: While the hot material stays beyond the singularitys event horizon, it can emit energy that radiates away into space. Sandviks DE880 is a core drilling rig used for mineral exploration and geotechnical investigation. Hsiao and his collaborators from the Institute of Astronomy in Taiwan, brings us to the very edge of possibility itself. Bonus: we can use the energy signature of a Dyson sphere to search for. Per the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, emitted power P is related to temperature T by $$P = \sigma T^4$$ where the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is $$\sigma = 5.6710^{8} W m^{2} K^{4}$$ on LinkedIn. Outotecs Kaldo furnace is a rotary furnace used for smelting and refining various metals, including nickel, copper, and zinc. They would then move to harness the energy of its host star more directly by constructing platforms around their star in a form of biosphere that would absorb most of the star's energy. The estimated cost of a robotic arm ranges from $1 million to $5 million, depending on the capabilities. Here are a few examples: Its worth noting that the cost of developing and deploying mining robots for use on Psyche would likely be much higher than the cost of the above projects, due to the unique challenges and extreme environment of mining on an asteroid. Some way of starting a new system with your upgrades. According to Tolkien, fantasy requires a deep imagination known as sub-creation. And the genre reflects a fundamental truth of being human. You're forgetting that the gravitational pull of the black hole will speed up the swarm units as they approach; as an example. Io: Io is one of the moons of Jupiter and is known to have a high concentration of sulfur and other volatiles on its surface. This makes me wonder: If the black holes in other galaxies were covered in dyson spheres Could we detect that currently? Life support equipment: A life support system is essential for providing astronauts with breathable air, removing carbon dioxide and other contaminants, and regulating temperature and humidity. Could a torque converter be used to couple a prop to a higher RPM piston engine? Spheres detected in astronomical searches could be an indicator of extraterrestrial life. However, a Dyson swarm could be built relatively close to the event horizon, albeit at the massive cost of accelerating the individual satellites to near-light-speed to achieve orbit. "An accretion disk, a corona, and relativistic jets could be potential power stations for a Type II civilization," the researchers write. The wavelengths of such re-radiated energy may be atypical for the star's spectral type, due to the presence of heavy elements not naturally ocurring within the star. I'd suggest that "minimum" distance depends more upon the technology available to the builders than anything else. This is just one of the many Spacesuits: A high-quality spacesuit can cost anywhere from $2 million to $12 million. New York, Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Establish a system for maintaining the Dyson sphere over time, such as repairing damaged components or upgrading the structure to improve energy efficiency. it would have been funnier if you get close, and the gravity is so strong you cannot fight it, get sucked in and it says, "Game Over. Assemble the raw materials into larger components of the Dyson sphere, such as individual panels or segments. We can start with the Dyson Sphere. The first describes vast, solar system-sized machines surrounding a star and built by a hyper-advanced civilization to harvest energy. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). That is, if power is radiated uniformly in all directions, the power level produced by any point on the surface at the center will be the same as if the surface point were at the center radiating outwards to the surface. Q: Ok, now lets see a few examples of relevant storage and transportation equipment and their approximate costs. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [23], Fictional Dyson spheres are typically solid structures forming a continuous shell around the star in question, although Dyson himself considered that prospect to be mechanically implausible. A: Including Jupiter and Mercury in our material sources would certainly increase the amount of material available for constructing a Dyson sphere. A: You are correct, I apologize for the mistake in my previous response. The calculation includes a number of approximations, but 600 years is a very short period of time based on astronomical and even civilizational timescales. Type II civilizations would be capable of harnessing all of the energy produced by its host star, with Type III being able to harness the entire energy of a galaxy. The estimated cost for a new This is actually a rather efficient way of producing energy, since it can turn up to 40% of the rest mass of matter in the disk into radiation, much better than nuclear fission or fusion. The power density emitted by the surface of the sphere will be twice that of the CBE, which will produce an apparent temperature of 3.27 K, or about 0.5 K above CBE. which is a just about $10^7$light-seconds, or 0.3 light-years. Building a dyson shell around a black hole comes with a plethora of additional and probably intractable problems which need to be solved before even beginning to consider what constitutes a minimum safe distance. At the heart of his theory is a simplebut tantalizingquestion: if a civilization grew large enough, and traveled far enough afield into outer space, how would it have enough energy to power itself? Specifically, a sphere with the diame Continue Reading The SLS is currently in development and is scheduled to make its first launch in the coming years. So really, the considerations are the size of the hole, being able to safely capture and distribute the power output, dealing with gravitational extremes, etc. Carnegie Mellons Scarab is a prototype robot designed to autonomously search for and collect mineral samples in extreme environments. These robots would need to be able to operate in the low-gravity environment of the asteroid and withstand the extreme temperatures and radiation levels. Jupiter, for example, has a mass of approximately 1.898 x 10^27 kilograms, while Mercury has a mass of approximately 3.285 x 10^23 kilograms. NY 10036. But Wright suggests it might be exceedingly difficult. However, we can use current market prices as a rough estimate. The cool thing, however, is how astrophysics lets you envision what might be possible. Estimates suggest that Mercurys crust may contain around 10^20 kilograms of metal, including significant amounts of iron and aluminum. A: I apologize for the error in my previous response. This means that a Penrose sphere is far smaller than a Dyson sphere encasing a star of equivalent mass. After double-checking my calculations, I have realized that my estimate for the required amount of material for a 1-meter thick Dyson sphere with a radius of 1 AU and a composition of 50% silicon, 30% carbon, and 20% metals was incorrect. Which 'annihilation' processes dump energy to the cosmological plasma? A global coalition of scientists are in pursuit of the answer, analyzing six different types of energy that we could hypothetically harness from a black hole. Tungsten: Tungsten is a very hard and dense metal that could be used in the construction of the Dyson spheres high-temperature components, such as lighting filaments and electrical contacts. If you want to have so many of them that you block a significant amount of the sun's light, then we would need to build billions and billions more of them. A new paper combines two concepts from the edges of astrophysics: Dyson Spheres and black holes. Multi-junction solar cells: These are a type of solar cell that use multiple layers of semiconductor material to absorb a wider range of wavelengths of light, resulting in higher efficiency. Let's start with a blackbody DS which encloses nothing at all, and is so far from any nearby stars that no noticeable radiation reaches it. Which Exoplanets Are Likeliest to Host Alien Life? Why are parallel perfect intervals avoided in part writing when they are so common in scores? In addition, Io is thought to have significant deposits of iron, nickel, and other metals, although the exact amounts are uncertain. Determine composition: Once a suitable asteroid has been identified, its composition needs to be determined. We orbit at a distance of 93 million miles (about 150 million km). Q: What are the major sources of each of these metals in the solar system? Lets unpack things a bit. WebThe cluster contains two Blue Giants, one Red Giant, 4 O types, and 19 B types, with the black hole a good distance from the starting system and the neutron star very far from the starting system. Launch these components into space and gradually attach them to the Dyson sphere until it fully encloses the solar system. Include specific examples of spacesuits, life support equipment and medical equipment. In fictional accounts, the Dyson-sphere concept is often interpreted as an artificial, hollow sphere of matter around a star. The idea was later dismissed in favor of debris around the star, but it sparked a search for these megastructures. What's the minimum safe distance to start building if you don't want any part of the shell or swarm to fall into the event horizon? This would include satellite communication systems, GPS, and other navigation tools. Keeping space fairly clear of debris in the area. If a strong enough material is used, an alien civilization could potentially tame a black hole, feeding it matter to produce energy and harness its force. I must say I am enormously impressed. Therefore, we would still need to consider other sources of material, such as mining other planets or moons in the solar system or developing new methods for obtaining and processing materials, in order to construct a Dyson sphere of the size and composition you specified. Building a Dyson Sphere around any star requires very advanced capacities. If you like what we do, please consider making a donation. NASA RESOLVE drill: The Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) drill is a prototype drilling system designed for extracting water and other resources from the Moon and other planetary bodies. Then when you drop it into a black hole, all this is taken to extremis. Terexs MT 5500AC is a haul truck used for transporting bulk materials in mining operations. A large dyson sphere encircling a neutron star at the high end of the mass spectrum will bend light differently to a black hole. Callisto: Callisto is another moon of Jupiter and is thought to have a rocky, icy surface. We Know How Fast Earth Spins Dont We? That's because the potential energy is mass-energy, in the pencil. WebThey only spawn in small amounts, and only occur on planets orbiting neutron stars and black holes, and are only used for making Particle Container and the Plane Smelter . Fuel cells: Fuel cells can also be used to generate power for remote operations. Valve Corporation. However, here are some very rough estimates based on current average prices: Using these rough estimates, the cost of 1.901 x 10^27 kilograms of material for the Dyson sphere would be approximately: (0.5 x 1.901 x 10^27 x 0.8) + (0.3 x 1.901 x 10^27 x 1.5) + (0.2 x 1.901 x 10^27 x 1) = $6.117 x 10^33. Icarus must be a God. [2][3] Variations on the concept include a single circular band in Larry Niven's 1970 novel Ringworld,[3][26][27] a half sphere in the 2012 novel Bowl of Heaven by Gregory Benford and Niven,[2][3] and nested spheresalso known as a Matrioshka brain in Colin Kapp's 1980s Cageworld series and Brian Stableford's 19791990 Asgard trilogy.[1][3]. Alternately, you can think about an entire world powered by electric batteries instead of fossil fuels. [21][22], A precursor to the concept of Dyson spheres was featured in the 1937 novel Star Maker by Olaf Stapledon,[1] in which he described "every solar system surrounded by a gauze of light-traps, which focused the escaping solar energy for intelligent use". If you built the sphere, at the optimum radial distance, then insulated the exterior as much as possible, would the gravitational redshift provide

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