Kidadl is independent and to make our service free to you the reader we are supported by advertising. Uyyakondan canal, Rajendran vaykkal, Sembian Mahadegvi vaykkal. [177] Though conforming generally to the iconographic conventions established by long tradition, the sculptors worked with great freedom in the 11th and the 12th centuries to achieve a classic grace and grandeur. A number of villages constituted a larger entity known as a kurram, nadu or kottam, depending on the area. It is quite a satirical name. [120] Particularly the famous Wootz steel, which has a long history in south India dating back to the period before the Christian era, seems also be used to produce weapons. In its heyday, the Chola dynasty was one of the greatest empires in the world. [4] The Chola fleet represented the zenith of ancient Indian maritime capacity. Babygirl is quite a common term to use while flirting with girls. [237] The serialisation lasted for nearly five years and every week its publication was awaited with great interest. These words His successor, the last great Chola monarch Kulottunga Chola III reinforced the hold of the Chola territories by quelling further rebellions and disturbances in the Rajarata area of Sri Lanka and Madurai. [k], The Cholas' system of government was monarchical, as in the Sangam age. So naturally, the Hoysalas found it convenient to have friendly relations with the Cholas from the time of Kulothunga CholaIII, who had defeated Hoysala Veera BallalaII, who had subsequent marital relations with the Chola monarch. The Chola army was spread all over the country and was stationed in local garrisons or military camps known as Kodagams. . A Spanish girl who lives in the US can be called by this name by her friends. [104], Before the reign of Rajaraja Chola I huge parts of the Chola territory were ruled by hereditary lords and local princes who were in a loose alliance with the Chola rulers. [126] The Chola economy was based on three tiersat the local level, agricultural settlements formed the foundation to commercial towns nagaram, which acted as redistribution centres for externally produced items bound for consumption in the local economy and as sources of products made by nagaram artisans for the international trade. A. L. Frothingham, Jr. Kal: The Journal of Indian Art History Congress, The Congress, 1995, p.31, ndia: The Most Dangerous Decades by Selig S. Harrison p.31. [87] They also dispossessed the Hoysalas, by defeating them under Jatavarman Sundara Pandiyan at Kannanur Kuppam. Rajaraja Chola conquered peninsular South India, annexed part of the Rajarata kingdom in present-day Sri Lanka, and occupied Maldives islands. [78] Subsequently, the Cholas also lost control of the island of Lanka and were driven out by the revival of Sinhala power. However, the Chola influence on Srivijava would last until 1070, when the Cholas began to lose almost all of their overseas territories. The cholo subculture originated in the barrio (neighbourhood) street gangs of Southern California. Through these dependent officials the administration was improved and the Chola kings were able to exercise a closer control over the different parts of the empire. Thus the Chola empire was completely overshadowed by the Pandyan empire and sank into obscurity by the end of the 13th century and until period of the Vijayanagara empire. [77], The Later Chola dynasty was led by capable rulers such as Kulothunga CholaI, his son Vikrama Chola, other successors like Rajaraja CholaII, Rajadhiraja CholaII, and Kulothunga CholaIII, who conquered Kalinga, Ilam, and Kataha. [99], In the age of the Cholas, the whole of South India was for the first time brought under a single government. Peke has quite an adorable meaning as it means 'bright' or 'glorious'. The best example of this can be seen in the form of Nataraja the Divine Dancer. [137], The Kaikolar community were weavers and merchants but they also maintained armies. The default format of this map would be . By common consent, the finest Chola masterpieces are the bronze images of Siva Nataraja. The template for these and future temples was formulated by AdityaI and Parantaka. [135] Wootz steel was a major export item. It is quite a simple name, and most of us could already tell what it means. Some popular chola names include: La Chola, La Chingona, La Raza, Las Adelitas, and Los Baddies. Tamil traders encroached on the Srivijayan realm traditionally controlled by Malay traders and the Tamil guilds' influence increased on the Malay Peninsula and north coast of Sumatra. The river Kaveri and its tributaries dominate this landscape of generally flat country that gradually slopes towards the sea, unbroken by major hills or valleys. The second Chola King, AdityaI, caused the demise of the Pallava dynasty and defeated the Pandyan dynasty of Madurai in 885, occupied large parts of the Kannada country, and had marital ties with the Western Ganga dynasty. The manufacture of sea-salt was carried on under government supervision and control. The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history. Tanjore was thus named as the founding capital of the illustrious Chola Empire. [154] Vocational education was through hereditary training in which the father passed on his skills to his sons. If you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a small commission. [127][clarification needed], One of the main articles which were exported to foreign countries were cotton cloth. [152], The quality of the inscriptions of the regime indicates a high level of literacy and education. The market structure and economic policies of the Chola dynasty were more conducive to a large-scale, cross-regional market trade than those enacted by the Chinese Song Dynasty. All cultivable land was held in one of the three broad classes of tenure which can be distinguished as peasant proprietorship called vellan-vagai, service tenure and eleemosynary tenure resulting from charitable gifts. The second was the many people from foreign lands who had settled in . [72] A Chola inscription states that he captured or plundered 14 places, which have been identified with Palembang, Tambralinga and Kedah among others. However, this is more of a direction to the Shaivite community by its religious heads than any kind of dictat by a Chola emperor. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. The dynasty's first capital was the city of Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli). Kundavai (also transliterated as Kundhavai or Kunthavai) was born in 945 CE. The period of the imperial Cholas (c. 850 CE - 1250 CE) in South India was an age of continuous improvement and refinement of Chola art and architecture. [205][206] The Tamil poet Ottakuttan was a contemporary of KulothungaI and served at the courts of three of Kulothunga's successors. A beautiful girl: Kotravai: Goddess of Victory: Kundhavai: A great woman who was the elder sister of Rajaraja chola, the great. [64] Cholas always successfully controlled the Chalukyas in the western Deccan by defeating them in war and levying tribute on them. It is a great and aesthetic name. 4 /5. Kalki had used the confusion in the succession to the Chola throne after the demise of Parantaka CholaII. [55] Rajendra CholaI successfully invaded the Srivijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia which led to the decline of the empire there. They ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. [3] The Chola kings were avid builders and envisioned the temples in their kingdoms not only as places of worship but also as centers of economic activity. Did you know that the influence of Chola names extended even a little beyond China at its prime? [46] Vijayalaya, possibly a feudatory of the Pallava dynasty, took an opportunity arising out of a conflict between the Pandya dynasty and Pallava dynasty in c.850, captured Thanjavur from Muttarayar, and established the imperial line of the medieval Chola Dynasty. Guadalupe (Spanish origin) has a beautiful meaning 'mother of god'. Lil moco basically means someone with high spirits or basically 'one's desires within the heart'. "[162], Song dynasty reports record that an embassy from Chulian (Chola) reached the Chinese court in 1077,[163][164] and that the king of the Chulian at the time, Kulothunga I, was called Ti-hua-kia-lo. They are passionate about turning your everyday moments into memories and bringing you inspiring ideas to have fun with your family. In 925, his son ParantakaI conquered Sri Lanka (known as Ilangai). Plot. The Cholas are known as one of India's longest governing dynasties. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for, 65 Cool Chola Names, Meanings And Origins For Girls, 100 Huntress Names From Fiction And Mythology, 150 Batman Names From The Comics, TV Shows & Films, All Of The 'Shadow Of The Colossus' Names Including Every Colossi. Nicknames, cool fonts, symbols and stylish names for Choladynasty - CHOLA DYNASTY. [36][45], Vijayalaya was the founder of the Imperial Chola dynasty which was the beginning of one of the most splendid empires in Indian history. It is specifically a name used for girls. The Chola dynasty was one of the three crowned kingdoms of Tamilakam - Chola, Chera, and Pandya - which continued to govern until the 13th century CE. The navy commanders also acted as diplomats in some instances. [73] A second invasion was led by Virarajendra Chola, who conquered Kedah in Malaysia of Srivijaya in the late 11th century. The direct line of Cholas of the Vijayalaya dynasty came to an end with the death of Virarajendra Chola and the assassination of his son, The only evidence for the approximate period of these early kings is the Sangam literature and the synchronisation with the. [56] This expedition had such a great impression to the Malay people of the medieval period that his name was mentioned in the corrupted form as Raja Chulan in the medieval Malay chronicle Sejarah Melayu. It is quite a popular name as it is simple and easy to pronounce. Chicana is basically a Chola name used to call American girls who belong to Mexican descendants of Cholas. [143][141], Hospitals were maintained by the Chola kings, whose government gave lands for that purpose. We hope you love our recommendations for products and services! [133][134], Metal crafts reached its zenith during the 10th to 11th centuries because the Chola rulers like Chembian Maadevi extended their patronage to metal craftsmen. [85] The Pandyas in the south had risen to the rank of a great power who ultimately banished the Hoysalas from Malanadu or Kannada country, who were allies of the Cholas from Tamil country and the demise of the Cholas themselves ultimately was caused by the Pandyas in 1279. Smiley, Joker, Clumsy, Shy Girl. The temples from this era and their writings are still used as evidence today. The king was the supreme leader and a benevolent authoritarian. The guild was one of the most significant institutions of south India and merchants organised themselves into guilds. The temple was built from 685-705AD by a Rajasimha ruler of the Pallava Dynasty. Shady is basically a nickname used for girls who like to keep to themselves and don't open up much with people. Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. Moreover, their patronage of Tamil literature and their zeal for building temples has resulted in some of the greatest works of Tamil literature and architecture. They had their own mercenary army for the protection of their merchandise. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. Apart from the doctors, other remunerated staff included a nurse, barber (who performed minor operations) and a waterman. Here is a list of Tamil girl names sorted from alphabets A to E: 1. [166], There was tremendous agrarian expansion during the rule of the imperial Chola dynasty (c.9001270 AD) all over Tamil Nadu and particularly in the Kaveri Basin. [139] The Vellalar community was the dominant secular aristocratic caste under the Chola rulers, providing the courtiers, most of the army officers, the lower ranks of the bureaucracy and the upper layer of the peasantry. They utilised the wealth earned through their extensive conquests in building long-lasting stone temples and exquisite bronze sculptures, in an almost exclusively Hindu cultural setting.. According to Wikipedia: The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of the world. Chola dynasty, Chola also spelled Cola, South Indian Tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early Sangam poems (c. 200 ce). It is quite a beautiful name that is inspired by faith and spirituality. A new civilization emerges throughout this period of the timeline, and art reaches new heights. [clarification needed] A hospital named Virasolan was provided with fifteen beds for sick people. Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital. The narrative unfolds over a thousand years ago during the reign of the Chola Empire. It was serialised in the Tamil weekly Kumudam. [110] Punishment for minor crimes were in the form of fines or a direction for the offender to donate to some charitable endowment. However, the rule of the later Cholas between 1218, starting with Rajaraja CholaII, to the last emperor Rajendra CholaIII was not as strong as those of the emperors between 850 and 1215. [142] Rajendra CholaI dug near his capital an artificial lake, which was filled with water from the Kolerun and the Vellar rivers. In spite of their reduced powers, the Pandyas and Pallavas accepted Chola princesses in marriage, possibly out of regard for their reputation. Furthermore, he also continued holding on to traditional territories in Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi, Draksharama, Vengi, and Kalinga. Some scholars identify Kulothunga Chola II with Krimikanta Chola or worm-necked Chola, so called as he is said to have suffered from cancer of the throat or neck. Two fascinating details caught my eye: the first was the presence of women bodyguards and throne guards in the Chola empire. La Smily can be used to refer to a girl who always has a sweet and smiling face. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of chola dynasty. Gabriela (Hebrew origin) means 'god of Strength'. Albert M. Carson, CA; 5 friends 42 reviews Lil T. says: It was quite a popular name for girls in the late 20th century. [114] There were regiments of bowmen and swordsmen while the swordsmen were the most permanent and dependable troops. [2] Under Rajaraja I and his successors Rajendra I, Rajadhiraja I, Rajendra II, Virarajendra, and Kulothunga Chola I, the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural powerhouse in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is speculated that he either fell in battle or was put to death along with his heirs during his encounter with Vijayanagara. [212][213] However, relatively few Vaishnavite works were composed during the Later Chola period, possibly because of the rulers' apparent animosity towards them. Another very large lake of this period, which even today seems an important source of irrigation was the Viranameri near Kattumannarkoil in South Arcot district founded by Parantaka Chola. The reign of the Cholas began in the 9th century when they defeated the Pallavas to come into power. There was more involvement of non-Brahmin elements in the temple administration. Admissions closing on 10 DEC'22 | Enrol now - https://bit.ly/upscbatch9A time-te. The Early Cholas were a Tamil kingdom of the Chola Dynasty - pre and post Sangam period (600 BCE-300 CE). [187][188][189] Among the existing specimens in museums around the world and in the temples of South India may be seen many fine figures of Shiva in various forms, such as Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi, and the Shaivite saints. [38][e] The Cholas continued to rule over a diminished territory in the neighbourhood of Uraiyur, but only in a minor capacity. Sandilyan's earlier work, Yavana Rani, written in the early 1960s, is based on the life of Karikala Chola. Rajaraja CholaI launched several naval campaigns that resulted in the capture of Sri Lanka, Maldives and the Malabar Coast. It is mostly popular for naming girls. A Chola record gives their rationale for engagement in foreign trade: "Make the merchants of distant foreign countries who import elephants and good horses attach to yourself by providing them with villages and decent dwellings in the city, by affording them daily audience, presents and allowing them profits. . Bubbles (English origin) are used to refer to girls who are awfully cheerful and enthusiastic about even the tiniest of things. Smiley (English origin) is used to refer to girls who always have a bright smile plastered on their faces. During his rule, the Chola Empire was beset by upheaval, including invasions by the Hoysala Dynasty . At the top of this economic pyramid were the elite merchant groups (samayam) who organised and dominated the regions international maritime trade. Vijayalay, the Chola ruler from about 850 to 870, began to . It is quite an adorable name mostly used for girls. He integrated his empire into a tight administrative grid under royal control, and at the same time strengthened local self-government. Between 2 Oceans (2nd Edn): A Military History of Singapore from 1275 to 1971 by Malcolm H. Murfett, South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar p.40-41, A Global History of Architecture by Francis D. K. Ching, Mark M. Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash p.338, Technology and Society by Menon R.V.G. Sleepy (English origin) is used to refer to girls who are relieved if they can just take a nap. [47] The kingdoms along the east coast of India up to the river Ganges acknowledged Chola suzerainty. The 2022 movie was based on the novel of the same name. Who took part in all the advisory council of chola dynasty in all aspects like battle, people concern, politics etc: Kuzhali: One who has beautiful hair: Laya: Rythym: Liyana: Soft: Madhivathani: One who looks like . However, these were only temporary setbacks, because immediately following the accession of king Vikrama Chola, the son and successor of Kulothunga CholaI, the Cholas lost no time in recovering the province of Vengi by defeating Chalukya Someshvara III and also recovering Gangavadi from the Hoysalas. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. [62] Three diplomatic missions were sent to China in 1016, 1033, and 1077. What we suggest is selected independently by the Kidadl team. La Tamalona is actually a Columbian name that is quite similar to the name Tamale, which is generally used to call a girl who is robust and has terrible fashion sense. In one such instance, the Chola king, Rajadhiraja Chola II, was able to defeat the Sinhalese, aided by their traditional ally, a confederation of five Pandya princes, and kept the control of Rajarata under Cholar rule. Committees like eri-variyam (tank-committee) and totta-variam (garden committees) were active as also the temples with their vast resources in land, men and money. Maintaining a strong army and naval resources made sense for the Cholas, because, The period from 9th to 10th century was a violent time, where kingdoms would go to war with each other frequently. [234] The most important work of this genre is the popular Ponniyin Selvan (The son of Ponni), a historical novel in Tamil written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. Accordingly, Devi seems to have cursed her and due to t. Shy Girl is quite a self-explanatory name. The Chola tradition of art spread and influenced the architecture and art of Southeast Asia. [68], On the other hand, from 1150 CE to 1280 CE, Pandya became the staunchest opponents of the Cholas and tried to win independence for their traditional territories. [149] During the reign of the Imperial Chola rulers (10th13th century) there were major changes in the temple administration and land ownership. La morra has a beautiful meaning which is 'a bitter ocean'. [8][9] A UNESCO world heritage site, the Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur, commissioned by the Rajaraja Chola in 1010 CE, is a prime example for Cholar architecture. The king then granted the management of the Ranganathaswamy temple to Dasarathi and his descendants as per the wish of Ramanuja. [50] Through their leadership and vision, Chola kings expanded their territory and influence. [121] Kallar served in the armies of the Chola kings. [28], While the Cholas did build their largest and most important temple dedicated to Shiva, it can be by no means concluded that either they were followers of Shaivism only or that they were not favourably disposed to other faiths. Then the former feudatories like the Hoysalas, Yadvas, and Kakatiyas steadily increased their power and finally replaced the Chalukyas. [h] The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, who spent several months in Kanchipuram during 639640 writes about the "kingdom of Culi-ya", in an apparent reference to these Telugu Cholas. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. According to Wikipedia: The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of the world. [100] Aside from the early capital at Thanjavur and the later on at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Kanchipuram and Madurai were considered to be regional capitals in which occasional courts were held. However, it is not known if they had any relation to the early Cholas. [177] They built a number of Shiva temples along the banks of the river Kaveri. "After the second Pandya War, Kulottunga undertook a campaign to check to the growth of Hoysala power in that quarter. Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. Chola Dynasty (9th-13th Century) The Cholas formed one of three ruling families in Tamil-speaking south India during the first two centuries CE. Nicknames are simple ways to make people seem more personable. Cholas also dominated the entire eastern coast with their feudatories, the Telugu Cholas, Velananti Cholas, Renandu Cholas, etc.. [32][33][34] They were displaced by the Pallava dynasty and the Pandyan dynasty in the 6th century. This name would have reminded you of that one friend of yours with anger issues. [30] The Mahavamsa mentions that an ethnic Tamil adventurer, a Chola prince known as Ellalan, invaded the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and conquered it in 235 BCE with the help of a Mysore army.[24][31]. Inscriptions of 890 refer to his contributions to the construction of the Ranganatha Temple at Srirangapatnam in the country of the Western Gangas, who were both his feudatories and had connections by marriage with him. It is quite an adorable name for girls. Krishnadeva Raya is then said to have dispatched Nagama's son, Viswanatha who defeated his father and restored Madurai to Vijayanagara. They were also well known for their patronage to art. Chola Dynasty - Administration and Governance. [175][full citation needed][176][full citation needed], The Cholas continued the temple-building traditions of the Pallava dynasty and contributed significantly to the Dravidian temple design. La Greisy; La Chubby; Gata; Troubles; La babyface; Candy; Smiley; Bubbles; Chifla culas; La tamalona; Whisper; La morenita; Here; La tiny; How to Choose a Good Mexican Chola Nicknames. cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. For example, the great temple complex at Prambanan in Indonesia exhibit a number of similarities with the South Indian architecture. Chola names refer to a subculture of Chicano women. Crimes of the state, such as treason, were heard and decided by the king himself; the typical punishment in these cases was either execution or confiscation of property. [181] Architectural historian James Fergusson says that "the Chola artists conceived like giants and finished like jewelers". Details of the Pandyan civil war and the role played by the Cholas and Sinhalas, are present in the Mahavamsa as well as the Pallavarayanpettai Inscriptions. [136], The farmers occupied one of the highest positions in society. And you can't deny that it is an adorable name. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases nickname used for girls who are cheerful. Earn a small commission the template for these and future temples was formulated by AdityaI and Parantaka these. 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Tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a day!, Viswanatha who defeated his father and restored Madurai to Vijayanagara faith and spirituality supported by advertising and.! Under Jatavarman Sundara Pandiyan at Kannanur Kuppam thousand years ago during the of... A common term to use while flirting with girls inspired by faith spirituality. Popular name as it is not known if they had their own mercenary army for protection... Overseas territories architecture and art of Southeast Asia acknowledged Chola suzerainty complex Prambanan. [ 47 ] the Chola artists conceived like giants and finished like jewelers '' not responsible for patronage! Publication was awaited with great interest Sembian Mahadegvi vaykkal about turning your everyday moments into and... 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