I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. And they are still being asked to by victims and their families, 60 years later. [23][24] He is unrelated to another CIA psychiatrist, Alan S. Cameron, who helped pioneer psychological profiling of world leaders during the 1970s and was not associated with the behavioral modification research program. David Cameron and his wife Samantha on holiday in Lanzarote. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Amory: In spite of Camerons ambition and prestige, he never helped find a cure for mental illness, he never won a Nobel Prize for psychiatry. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. Duncan: We all very much wished, as we always had, that my father was alive because he would have had to deal with that issue and would have dealt with it quite effectively. . Hes in his mid-80s now. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936.[8]. Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. In 2012, Cameron said he would be prepared to publish the details of his tax returns. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. Later he was brought up by MacLachlan of Coruanan, head of a tribe who were followers of Lochiel. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. Our username is. Or do you remember any of --. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing brainwashing experiments at Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute. In Cameron, the CIA had a psychiatrist, conveniently outside the United States, who was willing to do terminal experiments in electroshock, sensory deprivation, drug testing, and all of the above combined. Cameron viewed German society throughout history as continually giving rise to fearsome aggression. Those with anxieties or insecurities and who had trouble with the state of the world were labelled as "the weak"; in Cameron's analysis, they could not cope with life and had to be isolated from society by "the strong". Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. child. [citation needed]. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. Cameron used his ideas to implement policies on who should govern and parent in society. Duncan: Well, I think he was always fascinated in the future. If he had a choice he would have kept living forever. John Marks: The Allan Memorial Institute under Cleghorn commissioned a study of his work, which is absolutely or almost absolutely unprecedented in the psychiatric field. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. The companys documents reportedly boasted that he represented a 70-year connection between the firm and the Cameron family. You talked a little bit about this but what was the impact on the family when some of this news started to come out about the CIA and some of the treatment and stuff like that? And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. His theories of behavior stressed the unity of the organism with the environment; the book also outlined experimental method and research design. He has yet to do so. Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. It is at this juncture that he became interested with how he could effectively manipulate the brain to control and understand the processes of memory. When Walter John Cameron was born on 7 March 1884, in Dummer, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, his father, Donald Ewen Cameron, was 32 and his mother, Sophia Jennet Fife, was 31. [7], Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. Ben: Did you ever get a sense of at least some of the things that he was trying to accomplish while he was at the Allan? . A stronger personality would be able to maintain itself in heavy industrial situations, he theorised, while the weaker would not be able to cope with industrial conditions. And there some of them were high risk ones. Rauh: A question that Mr. Turner wanted me to ask was what happened to the papers identifying the patients? Cameron started to distinguish populations between "the weak" and "the strong". Cameron stayed there for seven years and was made physician-in-charge of the Reception Unit of the Provincial Mental Hospital. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. He died in 1958, leaving an inheritance of 57,000 - worth about. He continued his training in the United States under Meyer at the Phipps Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from 1926 to 1928 with a Henderson Research Scholarship. Ben: So its fitting that, today, most of what people hear about the CIAs search for mind control also seems to come from fantasy and popular fiction. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. In fact, he might have enjoyed those more. You know, all of us not only respected him, but loved him, and not just myself, but my brothers. When Cameron started his research, he was the head of the Allan Memorial, which at the time was McGill's psychiatric treatment facility. Particularly because we put that question to him today. Because his dad isnt around to do it himself. [citation needed][21]. Harvey Weinstein: Complicated question, we all have motivations for the things that we do. Donald M'Ewen M'Connell or Donald MacEwen Bhig, known as the Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe, was one of the clan's most colourful figures. Please join meon Wednesday, April, The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Join Robert F Kennedy Jr. April 19 in Boston, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. In other words, torture. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving., Amory: The CIA also turned its back on Cameron. And he was always very fascinated by what the future held for us all. [citation needed]. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. Ben: Duncan Cameron was 10 years old when his dad became the Director of the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal. More about the Cameron family name; Sponsored by Ancestry. Research genealogy for Donald CAMERON of Ardnamurchan, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK, as well as other members of the CAMERON family, on Ancestry. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Last year, Channel 4 News reported that some of his assets had been left in the tax haven of Jersey. [8] These became the basis of a new social and behavioural science that he would later institute through his presidencies of the Canadian, American and World Psychiatric Associations, the American Psychopathological Association and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. That would have been the cultural environment in which people like Sidney Gottlieb grew up. I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. This must be very difficult, very complicated for them. Because it would seem to me, or I was concerned as a lawyer, that it might be a breach of the patient-doctor privilege. They claim the governmentplayed a role in the supervision and control of these experiments, whichwere part of the CIA's MK-ULTRAprogram of covert mind-control. Amory: This is information that may have proven invaluable in holding Cameron, as well as McGill, the CIA, and the Canadian Government accountable for what happened at the Allan. Mr Donald Ewen Cameron. Class action suit by families of those brainwashed in Montreal medical experiments gets go-ahead | CBC News Loaded. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allen, a small town in Scotland, on December 24, 1901. There's my father and my mother. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. In 1745, when Charles Edward Stuart came to Scotland, Lochiel at first refused to meet him but eventually went to the Bonnie Prince. In his analysis, German culture was made up of people who had the need for status, worshipped strict order and regimentation, desired authoritarian leadership and had a deeply ingrained fear of other countries. The behaviour of a mental patient could resemble the behaviour of a patient with, for example, syphilis, and then a somatic cause could be deduced for a psychological illness. John Cameron, the son of Sir Ewen, was exiled after the 1715 Rising and it was his young son Donald who became clan chief. What Hebb and Cameron both have in common is their contribution in establishing the scientific foundation for CIAs two-stage psychological torture method. Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? And in a lot of ways, modern psychiatry has completely left behind the man who once dominated its ranks. Amory: Nearly everyone who experienced Camerons treatments first-hand has since died. There was also Donald Hebb, who ran McGills psychology department at the time Cameron was running its psychiatry department. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. Ben: But there is reason to believe that these documents arent just missing. People . He inherited 300,000 from his fathers will in 2010. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. As time has worn on, its become the families of those victims who shoulder the burden. (laughter). Its in the Netflix show, Stranger Things: Amory: Or the hit video game Call of Duty: Ben: They're talking about it on The West Wing:C.J. Heres documentarian Stephen Bennett, whose film Eminent Monsters looks at the real echoes of Camerons work in government interrogation programs today. And Camerons part of that. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. And then she came back from Montreal and she was never the same. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. 1546: Ewen Beag Cameron (Ewen M'Conill M'Ewen) becomes XIV Chief. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. husband. And I think my father would have too. He came up with the idea that if he presented the world and confronted the Germans with the atrocities committed during the war, the world and the Germans would refrain from repeated acts of extreme aggression. Ben: Duncan says his father was so busy that he didnt see much of him during their time in Montreal. Samantha Cameron has worked at the luxury stationery group Smythson since the 1990s, gaining shares in the company as part of her role as creative director. Its not a very popular mountain to climb, its steep. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. As soon as his family found out about his death, they burned all the files that this man kept in his possession. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. Duncan: Well, I didnt destroy the documents. Josh Crane Twitter Producer, Podcasts & New ProgramsJosh is a producer for podcasts and new programs at WBUR. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. He actually has a smile. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. As a child he was nursed by the wife of a tailor who lived at Blar na Cleireach, near Lundavra, hence his by-name. The transcript has been edited from our original script for clarity. In some cases, the same phrases reappear all through these. Though he does seem to imply that it was done by him or someone in the family. Memories are not the most reliable form of evidence. William Waldorf Astor IV is chief executive of Long Harbour, an investment firm specialising in property. (McCoy, 2007) Indeed, Hebb and Camerons contribution as pioneers who designed the psychological paradigm for torture used by the CIA was acknowledged by The McGill Daily, in 2012. Ewen Donald Cameron. By literally wiping the minds of his subjects clean by depatterning and then trying to program in new behavior, Cameron carried the process known as brainwashing to its logical extreme., The dehumanizing nature of his methods were published in premier medical journals without any complaints from other psychiatrists; Cameron read papers about depatterning with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists; and they rewarded him, electing him president of the American, Canadian, and World Psychiatric Associations. Ben: Even though Cameron never gave the CIA the keys to control peoples minds, he did give them the tools to break peoples minds down experimental drugs, recordings on loop, sensory deprivation. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, USA, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Did he ever talk about that? He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. . Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. cold," and "that monster, Dr. Ewen Cameron" enacted on his unwitting experimental subjects. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967.[39]. Brief Life History of Ewen Alexander. For instance, he was careful to say he didnt know anything about his dads treatment regimen at the Allan, which may very well be true. The Department of Justice says it is reviewing the court's latest decision. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. He spoke about Germans, but also to the larger portion of the society that resembled or associated with such traits. After being sold again in 2009, Smythson is now owned through a holding company in Luxembourg. He warned that government institutions should take measures against such potential liabilities. He subsequently established Blairmore Holdings Inc in 1982, the fund now at the centre of the Panama Papers controversy, and where he was paid $20,000 a year as a director. His father John was permanently exiled after the 1715 Rising and when his grandfather Sir Ewen Cameron died in 1719, Donald assumed his duties as Lochiel of the Camerons. Ben Brock Johnson: So what do you have in front of you here? Thus, this group would have to be studied and controlled as a contagious social disease. Smythson was acquired in April 2005 by a consortium of City grandees, including members of the Fleming banking family. And he has a much different memory of how it all went down. So we reached out to one of the most comprehensive archives in the world: The Library of Congress. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. Thank you! Duncan: They got close to the top and James looked around and my father had passed away. I mean, he was fascinated with the future in his own field of psychiatry, medicine and government. At first, No10 said it was a private affair a knockback that provoked even further scrutiny of his familys wealth and how it was earned. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Ewen Cameron experimented on people right up until he left the Allan in 1964. Cameron began to base some of his notions on race, as is seen in his theories regarding the German people. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. Ex-husband of Enid Agnes Maud Watson. Click here for the donation page. So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. But the government agency backing his experiments at the Allan did find a way to make use of his methods. In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. She was gonna go out there and do something. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. The second stage involved extreme, high voltage multiple electroshock treatments three times daily. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. And in that he took some risks, obviously. In 1943, Cameron was invited to McGill University in Montreal by neurosurgeon Dr Wilder Penfield. There must have been records of experiments. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. Rauh: So any documents that would show the treatment of the plaintiffs in this case were destroyed? In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. On the weekends, you'd think he would go out and mow the lawn or bask in the sun or go play golf or tennis, but none of it. It affected a lot of people. Cregg: What do you know about mind-control experiments? Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. He married Marjory, daughter of MacLean of Drimnin in Morven, and had four children, the eldest of whom was afterwards the famous Sir Alan Cameron, and the youngest, a daughter, who married Cameron of Scamadale, and had a son, Lieutenant Alexander Cameron, who commanded the 79th Highlanders at Waterloo, during the last three hours of the Amory: Immortal Technique is rapping about it: Ben: But for those who have had to deal with the fallout of MK-ULTRA on a personal level, the fact that the program rarely gets discussed outside the realm of pop culture can feel discouraging. He died three years later. There must have been names of patients. 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