The Cohens were quickly spirited to Mexico before moving on to Moscow. They carefully wrapped the nickel and microphotograph for shipment to the FBI Laboratory. Count Two (Conspiracy to obtain defense information), 10 years imprisonment and $2,000 fine. There could be no question of its accuracy. [6] In 1896, he was arrested for sedition and sentenced to three years internal exile. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. [13] It was during this period that Fisher developed an interest in amateur radio, constructing rudimentary spark transmitters and receivers. Forced to bail out at 15,000 feet, he survived the parachute jump but was promptly arrested by Soviet authorities. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. One of the nations most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just earned. [58], As Fisher was no longer considered an alleged illegal alien, but rather an alleged spy, he was flown from Texas to New York on 7 August 1957, to answer the indictment. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Svirin was beyond reach of American justice. He later served in an instructional role before taking part in intelligence operations against the Germans during World War II. He died in 1971. [Image at top: An image of Abel's actual apartment at 252 Fulton Street in DUMBO. The two men were brought to separate sides of the Glienicker Bridge, which connects East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. The FBIs next task was to identify Mark, the Soviet agent who had succeeded Mikhail as Hayhanens contact man. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. Less than three weeks later, FBI agents arrived at 252 Fulton Street in pursuit of the mysterious Mark. Since Goldfus appeared to answer the description of Hayhanens espionage superior, surveillance was established near his photo studio. Nearly 10 years later, Mark was to admit that he had used Kayotis passport during the fall of 1948 in booking passage aboard an ocean liner from LeHavre, France, to Canada. Letters that they wrote to their former neighbors showed that Mr. and Mrs. Maki were very unhappy and sorely missed America. [5] Trained as a radio operator, he served in a Red Army radio battalion in 1925 and 1926. In about 1948 he illegally entered the United States and, under the name of Emil R. Goldfus, lived for some time as an artist and photographer in a Brooklyn studio apartment, where he concealed shortwave-radio transmitting and receiving equipment. This also was the case with the hollow nickel. FBI scientists determined that it had been coated with nickel. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: February 10. On June 15, a photograph of Goldfus which the FBI took with a hidden camera was shown to Hayhanen. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. Since he was posing as an artist and photographer, nobody questioned his irregular working hours and frequent disappearances. Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. According to the second one, he was Martin Collins, born June 2, 1897, also in New York. 3. In Warsaw, he discarded his Soviet passport and using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris. At Donovan's initial meeting with Fisher, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel. [45], When Hyhnen announced himself at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk. It was collecting time again. All Rights Reserved. He served as a case officer for the "Volunteer" spy network, which was tasked with relaying atomic secrets, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1949. He had returned to the Soviet Union in October 1956. [32] Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. Abel, who was born in Newcastle as William Fisher and once worked at Swan Hunter in Wallsend, went on to become a Russian spy during the Cold War. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In the summer of 1948, Hayhanen was called to Moscow by the KGB. FBI mugshot of William August Fisher, a.k.a. His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. The first showed that he was Emil R. Goldfus, born August 2, 1902 in New York City. End of preview. In keeping with instructions contained in a message he received from Soviet officials, Hayhanen was met by Mark at a movie theater in Flushing, Long Island, during the late summer of 1954. Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return to the Soviet Union. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. On October 25, 1957, the jury announced its verdictAbel was guilty of all counts. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. On May 28, 1957, agents observed a man resembling Mark on a bench in a park directly opposite the entrance to 252 Fulton Street. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. Abel returned to Moscow, where the KGB pushed him into retirement, fearing that he had been persuaded to become a double agent during his five years in captivity by American authorities. Hyhnen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. In examining the nickel, agents of the FBIs New York Office noted that the microphotograph appeared to portray nothing more then ten columns of typewritten numbers. While his KGB training continued, Hayhanen worked as a mechanic in the City of Valga, Estonia. Abel reported to command and asked evacuation of the guy. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. [47] Hyhnen was also able to solve the mystery of the "hollow nickel," which the FBI had been unable to decipher for four years. [7] While living in the United Kingdom, Fisher's father, a keen Bolshevik, took part in gunrunning, shipping arms from northeast England to Russia's Baltic coast. The information which Hayhanen furnished to U.S. officials in Paris, France, in May 1957, was immediately checked. [27], In July 1949, Fisher met with a "legal" KGB resident from the Soviet consulate general, who provided him with money. He appeared before Judge Mortimer W. Byers on November 15, 1957 and was sentenced as follows (the three sentences to be served concurrently): Colonel Abel appealed his convictions, claiming that rights guaranteed to him under the Constitution and laws of the United States had been violated. Using this passport, he sailed October 16, 1952 from Southhampton, England aboard the Queen Mary and arrived at New York City on October 21, 1952. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016-A) at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. At the end of his 1957 trial, Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer, James Donovan, convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S. agent. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. [51], Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in McAllen, Texas, and held there for six weeks. In 1962, he was. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. Two months later, however, he was conscripted by the Communists secret police, the NKVD. Argued February 24-25, 1959. Abel v. United States. However, on 21 October 1952, as instructed by Moscow, Reino Hyhnen left a thumbtack on a signpost in New York's Central Park. [59] The Brooklyn Bar Association approached several prominent trial lawyers with political ambitions, all of whom declined the case. On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in. [49], In April 1957, Fisher told his artist friends he was going south on a seven-week vacation. According to Hayhanen, Mark was a colonel in the KGB and had been engaged in espionage work since approximately 1927. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. Best Known For: Soviet spy William Fisher, a.k.a. In his studio, FBI investigators found a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a shaving brush containing microfilm, a code book, and radio transmitting equipment. Less than three weeks later, acting on Hyhnen's information, surveillance was established near Fisher's photo studio. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. On May 16, 1957, FBI agents showed a group of photographs to Hayhanen. Two days later, on June 24, 1953, during a discussion of another investigation, a detective of the New York City Police Department told an FBI agent about the strange hollow nickel which, he had heard, was discovered by a Brooklyn youth. Should he be inside or outside? Powers returned to the United States and wrote of his view of Francis Gary Powers, (born August 17, 1929, Jenkins, Kentucky, U.S.died August 1, 1977, Encino, California), pilot who was captured on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance flight deep inside the Soviet . FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. Svirin, however, had returned to Moscow two years previously. In 1970, he published a book, Operation Overflight, about the incident and in 1977 was killed in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles television station. Following his arrest, Mark was found to possess many false papers, including two American birth certificates. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. In one of the dead drops mentioned by Hayhanena hole in a set of cement steps in Prospect ParkFBI agents found a hollowed-out bolt. He was tried in a federal court in Brooklyn and in October was found guilty on three counts of espionage and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment. [68][69] He made a notable appearance in the foreword to the Soviet spy film Dead Season and also worked as a consultant on the film. He passed America's atomic secrets to the KGB. Ill ask the people across the hall, he said. On February 10, 1962 at around 8:50 a . El a purtat mai multe nume printre care se numea Rudolf Ivanovici Abel, Willie"), William Genrihovici (August) Fisher, Emil Robert Goldfus sau Frank, Marc, Andrew Kayotis, Martin Collins. During his eight years as an illegal resident he appears not to have recruited, or even identified, a single potential agent. Investigation was to establish that the Emil Goldfus whose birth certificate Mark displayed had died in infancy. He refused to cooperate at all. In order to establish contact with Mikhail in the United States, Hayhanen was instructed that after arriving in New York he should go to the Tavern on the Green in Central Park. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. Making contact with the KGB residency he received another $200 for his journey to Moscow. Why? Shortly afterward, when U.S. jet pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured in Soviet territory, the idea of swapping Powers for Fisher gained steam. After their introduction at this theater, Hayhanen and Mark held frequent meetings in Prospect Park, on crowded streets, and in other inconspicuous places in the area of Greater New York. From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. Count Three (Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State), five years imprisonment and $1,000 fine. Encouraging their son's love of music, Fisher's parents gave him piano lessons; he also learned to play the guitar. In the R of the word TRUST, there was a tiny holeobviously drilled there so that a fine needle or other small instrument could be inserted to force the nickel open. Rudolf Abel, 55, accused Russian master spy, is wide-eyed and close-mouthed as he arrives in New York City from Texas, Aug. 8, 1957. Fisher knew that the FBI's use of his rank could have only come from Hyhnen. The CIA turned Hayhanen over to the FBI to investigate the claims. Corrections? [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. The orderly became Abel's confidante, Ignashiev said, and the colonel told him that his real name was not Rudolf Abel but William Fisher. What happened to Rudolf Abel? Why, weve never seen a hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before.. Four days later, instead of continuing his journey to the Soviet Union he entered the American embassy in Paris, announcing that he was a KGB officer and asking for asylum. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel (Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. During the Cold War, Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other, a precaution in the event that one was caught or, like Hayhanen, defected. Is time wrong? The real Andrew Kayotis was Lithuanian born and had become an American citizen after migrating to the United States. As the years passed, memories of the Maki family gradually began to fade, and all but possibly two or three old time residents of Enaville, Idaho, forgot that there has ever been a Maki family in that area. After five years in the United States, he dreaded the thought of going back to his communist-ruled homeland. [66] At precisely the same time, at Checkpoint Charlie, Frederic Pryor was released by the East German Stasi into the waiting arms of his father. Following his family's return to Russia in 1921, Fisher joined the Komsomol, the Communist Party youth organization, and worked as a translator. [12] Though Fisher was not as hard-working as Henry, he showed aptitude for science, mathematics, languages, art and music, inherited in part from his father's abilities. Hayhanen described Mark as about 50 years old or possibly older; approximately five feet ten inches tall; thin gray hair; and medium build. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. [45] Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Hyhnen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $200 for travel expenses. economics. All Rights Reserved. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. In 1957, Fisher was convicted in US federal court on three counts of conspiracy as a Soviet spy for his involvement in what became known as the Hollow Nickel Case and sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Georgia. Youve found him, the former Soviet Agent exclaimed. While in Moscow, Fisher informed his superiors of his dissatisfaction with Hyhnen. Something went wrong. He displayed a birth certificate from the state of Idaho which showed that he was born in Enaville on May 30, 1919, and, in the presence of a Vice Consul, he executed an affidavit in which he explained that his family had left the United States in 1928: I accompanied my mother to Estonia when I was eight years of age and resided with her until her death in 1941. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. His helper, deployed to the USA began to demonstrate signs of instability and nervousness. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. The lights went out at 11:52 p.m., and a man who appeared to generally fit the description of Mark stepped into the darkness outside the building. Please check.. Charged with espionage, he confessed to being a Soviet spy named "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" -- believed to be a signal to his superiors that he had been captured. EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT WITH THE FAMILY. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". discuss how the story is a trade in the film. The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. May 16, 1957, what happened to rudolf abel April 1957, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking the. Hole in a 1957 espionage trial 've safely connected to the USA began demonstrate... Pilot Francis Gary Powers Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial he another... Mentioned by Hayhanena hole in a 1957 espionage trial breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded.! Journey to Moscow around 8:50 a Moscow, Fisher told his artist friends he was exchanged the! Hayhanena hole in a set of cement steps in Prospect ParkFBI agents found a bolt! 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