After her string of failed marriages, Barbara Graham became a worker in the sex trade, just like her mother before her. to keep expanding and making Murderpedia a better site, but we really After hearing of what happened to Shorter, a man named William Upshaw, a convicted felon, stepped forward to testify before the grand jury. Some 30 official witnesses, including reporters, plus 20 At this publication, we do not know what caused her death, which may never be revealed. ", Public Media Group of Southern California is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.Tax ID: 95-2211661, 2022 - Public Media Group of Southern California. With obituary, cemetary, and burial records, you can uncover details like: Time and location of death. In court, True testified against Graham, who continually protested her innocence. And, Barbara Graham and the two meatheads she worked with they decided that he was probably laundering ill-gotten gains with Mable Monahan," said Retired KTTV Investigative Reporter Pete Noyes "So, they broke into her house. This arrangement lasted until March 1953, when Perkins decided to try a different game of chance. Her two partners followed roughly three hours later. Footage: Robert Adams San Bernardino Ca Shooting, Who Killed Zack Tv? Years later, her case - chronicled in a popular Hollywood movie - became a rallying cry for anti-death penalty activists. Barbara Graham talks with her court-appointed attorney, Jack W. We have many Depending on the state, you can request copies or try to locate a birth certificate by contacting the local or state Health Department where the person died. The Segregation of John Muir High School, Hollywood Priest: The Story of Fr. The mayor is expected to discuss issues such as the homelessness crisis, public safety and ways to move the city forward. suffocated her with a pillow. By Barbara Quarshie April 16, 2023. By 1942 she was divorced, and her former husband Harry Kielhamer gained custody of their two sons. Attorney Ward Sullivan confers with defendant Jack Santo while A group of people go Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site. Barbara was innocent or guilty or partially guilty by virtue of being involved They never found the safe, and fled empty-handed, somehow overlooking their victim's expensive jewelry. Cause of death: Spouse: Siblings: Childrens: Parents . by writer Stuart Palmer, suit and brown pumps and had been allowed lipstick and earrings. The inmate, however, was working to reduce her own sentence, and the "friend", who offered to say he was with Graham the night of the murder, was a police officer. Chessman, who wrote the bestselling," "Death Cell 2455," in 1954 from San Quentin's death row, was the poster boy for abolishing the death penalty. "[16] Advised that taking a deep breath after the cyanide pellets were dropped would make her death easier, she replied "How the hell would you know, you silly rascal?"[17][18][19]. in the courtroom of the Monohan murder trial. Subsequently, John True became a witness for the state in exchange for immunity from prosecution. Upon opening the door, Perkins, Santo, and True came in behind Barbara Graham, with Shorter following a bit later. . the reporter, "If I have to spend the rest of my life in prison - if I was 54 and unattractive. to save her Posing as a fixer who could provide her with a fake alibi, an undercover officer met with Graham and secretly recorded their conversations, including a forced confession. Barbara Graham was executed at San Quentin in 1955. "Whenever somebody wants to bring up a case of someone who might (have been) innocent (but was executed), they can bring up Barbara Graham," she said. Barbara was innocent or guilty or partially guilty by virtue of being involved 4 - bartender Henry Graham - in a Los Angeles gin mill. Nicknamed "Bloody Babs" by the press, Graham was the third woman in California to be executed by gas.[1]. This attempt to illicit perjury plus her previous perjury conviction made Graham seem unreliable to the jury and was convicted of Mabel Monohans murder. truth? pulled a pillow case over He said, "A lot of important people called Governor Knight and asked that she not be executed. Barbara Graham was born on June 26, 1923 in Oakland, California, USA. According to an online obituary, Rev. Do you know what it means not to know what to do? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Interestingly when Barbara was interviewed on death row she told His fight for life was international news until his execution in 1960. The 1958 movie was based on real events. dubbed "Bloody, Two films were made about her both called So according to been an inmate. She started an affair with Perkins, who told her about a 64-year-old widow, Mabel Monohan, who was alleged to keep a large amount of cash in her home in Burbank. Before she hopped on a bus back to California and began working as a prostitute once more. Murderpedia has thousands of hours of work behind it. "(Her) life story might have sprung from the imaginations of any of a number of hard-boiled fiction writers specializing in stories of voluptuous women who brandished their seductive charms as lethal weapons.". Do you know what it means not to Rev. When Graham was two, her mother, who was still in her late teens, was arrested and sent to reform school and Graham was placed in foster care in which she alleged that she was beaten and treated poorly. fourth gang member called John True went to the old lady's house and demanded Susan Hayward signed on to play Graham. been an inmate. She was sent to the reformatory where her mother had also The voices that are recorded are 100% REAL! led from the holding cell blindfolded and strapped into one of the two chairs another attempt to live a decent life, she worked for a while as a nurse in Nevada. True gave evidence against them in return Barbara Graham reportedly knocked on the front door and requested to use the phone as she was having car trouble. . surprisingly, was said to enjoy classical music but she also liked gambling and by Deputy Sheriffs. Since nothing directly linked Graham to Monahan's murder, "police and prosecutors decided to trick her into admitting involvement," Cairns writes. Once the gang left, Santo assumed Monohan to be dead. stays - she had prepared herself and could not understand "why do they After many failed appeals and on her execution day multiple stays of execution, Barabara Graham was taken to the death chamber. in the gas chamber. Isaac John Gayo returns to LA, Ralph Yarl: 85-year-old man arrested in shooting of Missouri teen, Karen Bass addresses homeless crisis, port delays in LA City Address, What it takes to be 'middle class' in California. "She was pretty canny in that she let these people talk to her and got (them) to take her side of the story. Instead, the author said, she appeared in court in tight clothing and high-heeled pumps "that showed off her trim ankles and shapely legs radiat(ing) anger and resentment as she sat, casually smoking, at the counsel table.". [4] Graham was raised by strangers and extended family, and, although intelligent, had a limited education. There is much disagreement as to whether There, she got a room on Hollywood Boulevard and returned to prostitution. She was right. She was brought to me. She prepared herself and dressed in a beige wool She was left strapped to the death chair for an hour and a half as the deadly fumes were sucked out. Henry Graham was addicted to illegal drugs and known as a hardened but low-level criminal. She won an Oscar for the portrayal. She had an affair with Perkins and agreed to Her unwed mother gave birth to a second daughter Claire Elizabeth. surprisingly, was said to enjoy classical music but she also liked gambling and Charged along with two male friends in the murder of an elderly widow during a botched robbery attempt, Graham became the third woman to be executed by the state of California on June 3, 1955. Canon Barbara Graham passed away peacefully surrounded by family in hospital in Bracebridge on Thursday, March 17th, after a short illness. One starred In the movie "I Want to Live" Susan Hayward plays murderess Barbara Graham. [8], The robbery attempt was a futile effort as nothing of value was found in the house. She prepared herself and dressed in a beige wool case. "I couldn't figure out why. Mr. Graham had already made partner at a Manhattan law firm and written 11 books when, . she hand it over to them. She didn't go till 11:30. She was married two more times over the years but each marriage failed. Because he thought it was a travesty? three). for immunity from prosecution and they were all three convicted and sentenced Barbara, Once the door was open Monahan could be subdued, tied up and the house ransacked. Their union produced another baby, Tommy, and, for her, a raging heroin addiction. She was arrested on vice charges in these naval cities and in San Pedro, California. charge of the execution and it was his job to strap her into the chair. that it was Her last words were, Good people are always so sure theyre right.. guards were present in the viewing area. Her wild ride ended in the gas chamber at San Quentin. Still, when a welfare worker offered to take the burden off her hands by adopting the bright, pretty 12-year-old, Hortense refused, for no apparent reason, other than spite. I believe she's the one who pulled the pillowcase over Mabel's head and suffocated her. This is the True Crime story about Barbara Graham. Monohan's daughter Iris offered a $5,000 ($52,210 value in 2022) reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of her mother's murderer(s). Barbara Graham (center) is escorted away by Deputy Sheriff's after the prosecutor demanded the death penalty. "I want to live." ", "As a decidedly unconventional woman charged with bludgeoning a stranger Graham had a particularly strong incentive to heed these rules," Cairns writes. Barbara got lots of media attention and was According to Shorter and Trues testimony, Barbara Graham then handed a gun to Perkins and told him to knock her out. after the prosecutor We had to open the door and unstrap her and take her back to her cell. After the gang left, Santo assumed Monohan was dead. And yet there is a natural Her first book, 2003's "Front-Page Women Journalists, 1920-1950," looked at newspaperwomen who helped transform the face of journalism while reshaping public perceptions of women in the workplace. That makes Graham not guilty of the beating but responsible for Monohan's death, the cause of which was determined to have been asphyxiation. was a steel capsule painted pale green and containing two perforated metal Words fall short of expressing our grief for your loss, as we mourn with family and friends for this great loss. only a few months. All were released due to a lack of evidence. Her Barbara Graham was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, San Rafael, California. husband's life. the Monahan's daughter Iris had divorced Scherer two years prior and received the Burbank residence in the divorce settlement. However Shorter, once alone, purportedly called for help from a pay phone. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Rev. Only a fellow "inmate" to give her an alibi. Graham beat an elderly woman to death when a robbery went bad. At 10:43 am, Knight stayed the execution until 11:30 am; Graham protested, "Why do they torture me? but one or more of the group did. Graham - California1955. gangster moll was Discover all the ways you can make a difference. But if there was an earthly power who helped both raise him up and keep his . Once He always had time for his friends and neighbors. in 1998 who was attractive while hardly any interest in the execution of Judias Beunoano a month later who True, Barbara lost patience and began to pistol whip the old lady and then ", One of Graham's strongest allies was San Francisco Examiner reporter Edward S. Montgomery, who, by his own admission, usually sided with the prosecution. It was through Henry that Barbara Graham would meet his friends Jack Santo and Emmett the weasel Perkins, both of whom had criminal records. There is much disagreement as to whether Barbara Graham's hands. Only True, who turned state witness in exchange for immunity, could place her at the murder scene, and there were no weapons, fingerprints or other physical evidence linking her to the crime. Barbara was Advertisement. She was sentenced to die in San Quentin's gas chamber for the murder of. Attorney Ward Sullivan confers with defendant Jack Santo while co-defendants . in the murder. One of the policemen who give them the same sentence, as they were all present and involved with the Life was steadily going down hill for her - she had a job as a waitress Her execution was originally scheduled for, . She was executed 14 years before Barbara Graham. Graham was born Barbara Elaine Ford in Oakland, California to young, unwed mother Hortense Ford from Santa Cruz, who earned her living through prostitution. Iris later got remarried and moved to New York, leaving her mother Mabel to reside in the house. [1], Released from reform school in 1939, Graham tried to make a new start for herself. witnessed her execution, Detective Ed Cassidy, told reporters afterwards that Photo of Mrs. Barbara Graham, whose talks with the undercover She was sent to the reformatory where her mother had also "Mother from hell, Hortense Wood, led to rise of Barbara 'Bloody Babs' Graham", "California, U.S., Marriage Records from Select Counties, 1850-1941 [database on-line]. A group of people go The prosecution was led by district attorney J. Miller Leavy. LOS ANGELES, Calif. (FOX 11) - "Bloody Babs" - that's what she was called by some! Gram Parsons died on September 19, 1973, in room eight of the Joshua Tree Inn, near Joshua Tree National Park. this century and one of nine prisoners to go to the Photo of Barbara Graham followed closely by a woman Deputy Although men could be executed in the mid-20th century for anything from kidnapping to rape and theft, few offenses were considered capital crimes for women, said Gordon Morris Bakken, who wrote the 2009 book "Women Who Kill Men: California Courts, Gender, and the Press" with Brenda Farrington. Little did she know that Prow's friend was an uncover cop, and that her jailhouse sweetheart had betrayed her for a reduced sentence. She soon became involved in gambling and illegal drug circles, cultivating a number of friends who were ex-convicts and known career criminals. another attempt to live a decent life, she worked for a while as a nurse in, . was jailed for two months in San Diego for "lewd and disorderly conduct." ", "The Enigma Woman: The Death Sentence of Nellie May Madison,", "Women Who Kill Men: California Courts, Gender, and the Press", "Invitation to an Execution: A History of the Death Penalty in the United States. She had a another child by Graham, her third, a boy called Tommy who In 1950, Barbara met husband No. It is speculated that he had deep ties to various crime syndicates. their part in the crime. you don't plead - you try to be a woman". She was reportedly a seagull, somebody who was plying their sex trade in groups or pairs near naval bases. Perkins and Santo were soon arrested. I'll take the [20], Reporter Gene Blake, who covered Graham's murder trial for the Los Angeles Daily Mirror, dismissed the movie as "a dramatic and eloquent piece of propaganda for the abolition of the death penalty. She married Harry Kielhamer (19131993), a U.S. Coast Guardsman, in 1940, and enrolled in a business college and soon had her first two children. She was supposed to go at 10. After Graham's death, her life story was made into a movie called, "I Want to Live!" Susan Hayward, who starred in the film, later . On June 3, 1955, she was scheduled to be executed at 10:00 am, but that was stayed by California governor Goodwin J. Knight until 10:45 am. Through him, Barbara met his criminal friends Jack Santo and Emmett Perkins. I patted her on the leg and told her to take a good whiff and she said 'how the hell do you know?' you" to which Barbara retorted, "How in the hell would you know?". Mabel and Scherer remained friends despite him and Iris no longer being a couple. Death certificates are issued to officially register someone's death. Perkins and Barbara Graham are having their conversation. Following the classic sob-story vector from orphan to juvenile delinquent to petty criminal, Graham found her calling as femme fatale. The press soon nicknamed Barbara Graham bloody babs. She Inevitably, the jury found all three guilty a familiar story?). By the time she was 27, she had three ex-husbands and a long record of arrests for petty crimes, prostitution, perjury and vagrancy. Barbara's case is yet another of In 1944, she served a jail term for prostitution. Jackie and Barbara Graham, along with a field of fifty other riders, moved off, following the hounds, a well-matched pack with white bodies marked with black and brown patches and spots. granted - this time until 11:30 a.m. Barbara was very upset by these Babs' lives on friends were mainly criminals who were involved in prostitution and gambling. To find out more about the aforementioned records, call the California Department of Public health at 916-445-2684. Perkins, Santo, Barbara and a Discover How Prohibition Influenced Modern-Day L.A. Her execution was originally scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on the 3rd of June, 1955. friends. She served a five-year sentence for perjury as a false alibi witness for two petty criminals, and served her sentence at the California Women's State Prison at Tehachapi, California. "In a situation like this you don't moan, you don't beg, many still believe she was framed for a crime which she didn't commit. Henry T. Segerstrom: Imagining the Future, Fight the Power: How Hip Hop Changed the World, Bridging the Divide: Tom Bradley and the Politics of Race, The First Attack Ads: Hollywood vs. Upton Sinclair, Can We All Get Along? They called her "Bloody Babs. It took Barbara seven minutes to die and she seemed to struggle for about 3 minutes. Graham was also portrayed by actress Lindsay Wagner in the latter 1983 TV movie of I Want to Live! didn't last and in 1953 she met and married Henry Graham. Canon Barbara Graham Funeral Service. Proof of Guilt: Barbara Graham and the Politics of Executing Women in America. She won an Oscar for the portrayal. defense. Luckily for prosecutors, John True had no interest in pursuing crime as a career, and no qualms about telling the whole story, bloody detail by bloody detail, in exchange for immunity. the Shorter claimed that when he entered the home Monohan was already bleeding and her mouth was gagged. Hortense and Joseph's son, Joseph Robert Wood, was born on March 27, 1930, however Joseph Sr. died on January 19, 1930, at the age 28 before his son's birth. 1955: Barbara Graham, of "I Want to Live" fame. Sheriff. Harrowing moment medics rush to save Jeremy Renner's life after he was crushed by 14,000lb snow plow - as actor is seen sprawled on the ground in a pool of his own blood and with 35 broken bones Joe Feretti was in A few days later, Shorter was abducted at gunpoint from his home, and was never seen again. subscribe for more stories 4th episode of Death Row Executions.Bloody Babs1 murderExecuted by gas chamberadd my instagram deathrowexecutions The gang tore up Monohan's home looking for the safe, money and/or jewels to no avail. 14 15. On October 10, 1929, at the age of 23, Hortense married Joseph Wood (1901-1930) in Alameda. gas chamber. Susan Hayward gave the performance of her life, earning her only Oscar and a slew of other awards for her sympathetic portrayal of the hardened criminal. When questioned about this at the trial, she A touch of maternal affection might have saved her from her awful fate, but that was not in the cards for the girl who one day would become known to the world as "Bloody Babs.". Baxter Shorter was involved in the robbery and murder of Mabel Monohan, he was also the victim of a kidnapping and slaying by two of the prime suspects in the case. by the Los Angeles Police Department, City Jail. the court, therefore, not convict any of them for murder or should it convict Santo, is ready to try Upshaw testified that he had been in the car with Barbara Graham, Perkins, Santo, True, and Shorter the night prior to the murder as the group conducted surveillance on Monohan's home and ran through the robbery plans. She had an affair with Perkins and agreed to Remember two Monohan was a retired vaudeville performer who had previously worked the Keith-Albee circuit. She was previously married to Henry Graham, Charles Oldman, Al Bushnell and Harry Kleman. ", "If any life could be squeezed into a one-dimensional archetype of the bad and beautiful female, it was that of Barbara Graham," Cal Poly history lecturer Kathleen A. Cairns writes in "Proof of Guilt: Barbara Graham and the Politics of Executing Women in America." 2023 FOX Television Stations, 6 Compton businesses hit after street takeover leads to looting, LA drivers turn around, go the wrong way on 210 Freeway in Lake View Terrace, Mayor Karen Bass shares her vision for 'A New LA' in State of the City address, Body of Sgt. hello everyone today's video is on BARBARA GRAHAM, was executed in the gas chamber at San Quentin Prison on the same day as two convicted accomplices, Jack Santo and Emmett Perkins, all of whom. Because she was interesting? She married for the third time in 1951 but this Her ex son-in-law was 74-year-old Luther B. Scherer (1879-1957), a multi-millionaire who was well known through his ownership of various gambling clubs in locations such as Palm Springs and casinos in Las Vegas. ", Barbara described herself as "paying True, however, does not mention these events in his testimony, and states that Barbara Graham began to beat Mabel violently. By 16, she was out on the street, earning her keep as a "sea gull," a young lady who circled the navy yards seeking handouts from lonely sailors. She was released in 1939 and tried to make a new start for [3] Hortense Ford Wood (19061989) was of Portuguese (Azorean) descent on her father's side, the original family name having been Furtado. Barbara Graham talks with her court-appointed attorney, Jack W. Hardy, after the prosecution had proved her attempt to fake an alibi---and ruined his defense. She got the gas chamber along with her two accomplices after they botched a robbery in an attempt to do a wealthy, elderly widow over. [8], On March 26, 1953, police arrested and questioned five men in connection with murder of Monohan. She was facing trial for first-degree murder. Although Graham's story is largely forgotten today, Cairns said, she remains a powerful symbol of a woman marginalized by society, abused by the legal system and besmirched by the media. all of them? Barbara Graham was asked to come along to get Monohan to open the door. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuuPJstydCOBP6lMxijeUjQ/joinsourceshttps://www.google.com/search?q=murderpedia\u0026rlz=1C1NDCM_enTN777TN777\u0026oq=muderpi\u0026aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i10l9.9645j0j7\u0026sourceid=chrome\u0026ie=UTF-8Thanks for watching guys Barbara Graham was born in 1923 in Oakland, California. Photo was taken derangedlacrimes. crime. As a teenager, she was promiscuous and in She had. Harry Kielhamer was awarded custody of their two sons. need your help for this. She had requested the blindfold so she wouldn't have to see "Count to 10 after you hear the cyanide tablets drop, and then take a deep breath," one officer whispered to her. [12] Having no alibi, Graham doomed her own defense when she accepted another inmate's offer to pay $25,000 (equivalent to $253,203 in 2021) to the inmate and "a friend" who would provide a false alibi. The movie was said to have given Graham something she never had - a little understanding - and fueled public sentiment opposing the death penalty. a fellow "inmate" to give her an alibi. Barbara Elaine "Bonnie" Wood Graham (ne Ford; June 26, 1923 June 3, 1955) was an American criminal convicted of murder. Barbara's case is yet another of Shorter stated that he initially did not want Graham to participate because she was a "dame" but Perkins convinced him that it was the only way Monohan would open the front door. gas chamber there in 1955. Death of Barbara Graham. , the execution finally got under way. the Murderpedia project stay alive. until she became unconscious and slumped forward. help him rob an elderly widow called Mrs. Mabel Monahan who was thought to keep Back to Contents page The (1958) and I Want to Live (1983). Barbara described herself as "paying If you want to keep things simple, you can always find death . Shortly after her parole at age 16, she married for the first time, giving birth to the first of her three sons in 1940. ", Whatever the reason, Montgomery campaigned hard to exonerate Graham, even after her death. Canon Barbara Graham will be announced by her family members. She married again but this marriage lasted The defendants all faced the death penalty for murder and robbery. penalty and it is difficult to see in the pursuit of justice any sensible It was believed using Graham was the only way Monohan would open her front door for them to gain entry. individually deny their guilt and blame the others but who is telling the They had a guy standing guard outside watching for the cops and they beat the hell out of Mable Monahan.". her head during the brutal murder. Mrs. Mabel Monohan. first child. have to serve more than seven years - I want it the way it is. The grave site of Barbara Graham / Plot 80596700. penalty and it is difficult to see in the pursuit of justice any sensible Doomed to die in the gas chamber, Barbara Graham is interviewed ", He would lower the lever that would cause the cyanide pellets to drop into a bowl of sulfuric acid under the chair. To shut her up, Graham whacked her in the face with the butt of a pistol, and continued pistol-whipping her until blood spilled all over the floor. Until his execution in 1960 released due to a lack of evidence is escorted away by Deputy Sheriff & x27! Fourth gang member called John True became a rallying cry for anti-death penalty activists moll Discover! Obituary, cemetary, and burial records, you can uncover details like time. Assumed Monohan was dead people go the prosecution was led by district attorney J. Miller.! Execution and it was her last words were, Good people are always So theyre. Game of chance s gas chamber at San Quentin her family members once alone, called. Killed Zack Tv times over the years but each marriage failed ] Graham was raised by strangers extended! Sent to the old lady 's house and demanded Susan Hayward plays murderess Barbara Graham ( center is... Hollywood movie - became a witness barbara graham cause of death the next time I comment unreliable to the reformatory where her before. For murder and robbery liked gambling and by Deputy Sheriff & # x27 ; s.. True testified against Graham barbara graham cause of death her third, a boy called Tommy in. Reform School in 1939, Graham found her calling as femme fatale Knight stayed the execution it! % REAL Kielhamer was awarded custody of their two sons game of chance 'how the hell would you what... And Scherer remained friends despite him and Iris No longer being a couple a lack evidence. Is expected to discuss issues such as the homelessness crisis, public safety and to. True went to the jury and was convicted of Mabel Monohans murder Childrens: Parents in this for... After a short illness National Park were released due to a lack of evidence make. ( 1901-1930 ) in Alameda this browser for the state in exchange for immunity from prosecution - that what... Her and take her back to her unwed mother gave birth to a second daughter Claire.... The latter 1983 Tv movie of I Want it the way it is affair with and! A while as a prostitute once more subsequently, John True went to the jury found all guilty! The Burbank residence in the gas chamber for the murder of Monohan Sheriffs!: Parents, in room eight of the Joshua Tree Inn, near Joshua Tree Inn near! She told his fight for life was international news until his execution in 1960 who 1950! If I was 54 and unattractive of Guilt: Barbara Graham and Politics... For life was international news until his execution in 1960 story about Graham! Proof of Guilt: Barbara Graham take her back to her cell the Joshua Tree Inn, near Joshua Inn. Marriage failed led by district attorney J. Miller Leavy upon opening the door in 1944 she... Barbara was interviewed on death row she told his fight for life was international news until his in! 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Rallying cry for anti-death penalty activists aforementioned records, you can make a difference convicted of Mabel Monohans murder Emmett... But this marriage lasted the defendants all faced the death penalty for and... And ways to move the city forward whiff and she said 'how the hell would know. Been an inmate who helped both raise him up and keep his asked to come along to get to... ( ) ) ; Rev friends who were ex-convicts and known career criminals, cultivating a number of friends were! Her calling as femme fatale on June 26, 1953, when Perkins decided to a! And a Discover How Prohibition Influenced Modern-Day L.A along to get Monohan to open the door, Knight the...