George Washington issued an order to recruiters in July 1775, ordering them not to enroll any deserter from the Ministerial army, nor any stroller, negro or vagabond. This order, however, was eventually reneged when manpower shortages forced the Continental Army to diversify their ranks. At least 5,000 black soldiers fought for the Revolutionary cause. Why?," WriteWork.com, https://www.writework.com/essay/would-you-rather-loyalist-patriot-why (accessed April 18, 2023). To most, it was inconceivable that an untrained ragtag army of colonial farmers could best the military might of the English Crown. However, many others were abandoned in the South to re-enslavement, and a few were transported to plantations in the British West Indies as slaves. Why did the Thirteen Colonies declare independence? Married women typically joined their husbands' side. | 5 Historians estimate that between 15 and 20 percent of European-American colonists supported the Crown; some historians estimate that as much as one third of the population was sympathetic to the British, if not vocally. Voltaire was right on target when he said that there are truths that are not for all men, nor for all times. In fact, one member of the Constitutional Convention, William Johnson of Connecticut, had been a loyalist. This is the response he received: 'Nothing has ever hurt me so much and affected me with such keen Sensations, as to find myself deserted in my old Age by my only Son; and not only deserted, but to find him taking up Arms against me, in a Cause, wherein my good Fame, Fortune and Life were all at Stake.Your Situation was such that few would have censured your remaining (neutral), tho' there are Natural Duties which precede political ones, and cannot be extinguish'd by them.'. Recent non-Anglophone immigrants (especially Germans and Dutch), uncertain of their fate under the new regime, also fled. Although some Canadians took up arms in support of the Patriots, the majority remained loyal to the King. No. The truth was more complex. Like a lot of Americans, William didn't approve of the actions that the British government had taken against its own citizens. Yet as the War for Independence wore on, and British and Loyalist troops swept through the South from 1779 on, slaves took the gamble. Some opposed the violence they saw in groups like the Sons of Liberty and feared a government run by extremists. When the Revolutionary War ended, the debate shifted to the kind of government the Americans were creating. succeed. Expectations for support were never fully met. Maryland freed slaves who volunteered to fight, whereas in New England, a slave could only earn freedom if his owner sent the slave to serve in his place. Some people truly believed in the ideas of the Revolution. For instance, in May 1775, the Massachusetts Committee of Safety stopped the enlistment of slaves in colonial armies. The American Revolution (1765-1791 time period, with official war dates between 1775 and 1783) made colonists choose sides between groups called Loyalists or Patriots. At the end of the war, these black Loyalists pressed the British to honor their promise of freedom, which they grudgingly did, providing transportation for them and many white Loyalists to the British colony of Nova Scotia in todays Canada. lack of united feelings about American independence, high literacy rates among the colonies compared with other places in the world, likelihood of men to discuss current events in the eighteenth century, extreme enthusiasm for revolution without regard for the consequences. WriteWork has over 100,000 sample papers", "I turned what i thought was a C+ paper into an A-". Many Native Americans sided with the Loyalists due to the Proclamation Line of 1763. Recruitment to the Continental Army following the lifted ban on black enlistment was equally positive, despite remaining concerns from officers, particularly in the South. She has a BSEd in English Education. When sizable numbers of those elites became Patriots and led the government, some Protestant religious minorities and recently settled farmers decided that they trusted a far-off king more than the local elites, who were more likely to enact policies for the benefit of easterners than those who lived in the west. No clear deciding factor predicted who would become a Patriot, a Loyalist, or neither, and generations of historians have tried to find a common pattern without success. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. HTMo0Wh,[l'EQI:`CoA^Hv],Q$gArUty\{_/%q}y2whf:,. Loyalists continued to support the British Parliament or king, believing their economic or political interests would be best served by fighting for, or at least speaking up for, the British. I feel like its a lifeline. The largest portion of those who fled ultimately went to Canada, where the British government provided them with asylum and offered some compensation for losses in property and income; those who met certain criteria (based, in part, on when they left America and their contribution to the British war effort) were known as United Empire Loyalists in Canada. There are four reasons why the Loyalists are loyal to the king. Explain why the American Revolution was a civil war. Following the French and Indian War (17531763), the colonies gained much greater independence due to salutary neglect, which was the British policy of allowing the colonies to violate strict trade restrictions to encourage economic growth. Explain how economic realities influenced some colonists decisions to choose a side in the American Revolution. The Constitution of the United States | Articles, Preamble & Amendments, Middle School US History: Help and Review, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Test Prep & Practice, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Tutoring Solution, Middle School US History: Homework Help Resource, SAT Subject Test US History: Tutoring Solution, Create an account to start this course today. 5. Many loyalists lived in New York City. The Loyalists were afraid of the soldiers. Beginning in March 1776, approximately 100,000 loyalists fled into exile. As the war progressed, many relocated to British strongholds within America. Sons of Liberty History & Purpose | Who were the Sons of Liberty? Alexandra has taught students at every age level from pre-school through adult. Today, it's easy for Americans to say they would have been devoted Patriots from the start. Slaves also contributed to the Loyalist cause, swayed by the promise of freedom following the war. What best describes the Loyalists before and during the American Revolution? Key members of the elite families that owned and controlled much of the commerce and industry in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston left the United States, undermining the cohesion of the old upper class and transforming the social structure of the colonies. I say that loyalists are better. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Create your account, 13 chapters | Which of the following would best contextualize the sentiments in the excerpt provided? Colonists and the colonies profit from friendly trading with the British. These Patriots rejected the lack of representation of colonists in the British Parliament and the imposition of British taxes. Another popular name for Patriot was Whig. His father didn't die, but after being sent to England in a prisoner exchange, William sent his father a letter. Loyalists, also known as Tories or Royalists, were American colonists who supported the British monarchy during the American Revolutionary War. 11. Myles Cooper, "The Patriots of North America," 1775, selections.If you were a Loyalist in America in the 1770s, you tried to explain to yourself and others why your Patriot neighbors were turning the paradise of America into "an endless Hell" by objecting to what was, in your view, the benign, enlightened, and gentle rule of Great Britain. Yes, there were problems; but surely, they could be ironed out through negotiations and some kind of amicable settlement. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Loyalist was a term used to . The only Iroquois tribes to ally with the colonials were the Oneida and Tuscarora. Which of the following generalizations is true about Loyalists, Patriots, and neutrals? Hundreds of slaves escaped to join Dunmore and the British Army. The Progressive Movement everything about the progressive historians, DBQ on Industrial Leaders: "Robber barons" vs. "Industrial Statesmen". (It might also unnerve otherwise-loyal colonists in the Caribbean colonies, who did not join the independence movement but depended on slavery to generate wealth.). This prompted the British to offer freedom to any slaves who fought for the king, encouraging slaves throughout the colonies to run away and join the Loyalists. After the French and Indian War (1754-1763) in North America, British leaders decided that American colonists should be responsible for paying down the war debts. The New England Patriots certainly could've benefitted from having a living, breathing highlight reel on their roster. Many former slaves who were promised freedom in exchange for their service in the Continental Army, however, were eventually returned to slavery. Military expeditions on each side destroyed villages and food supplies to reduce the ability of people to fight, as in the frequent raids by both sides in the Mohawk Valley and western New York. Loyalists were unwilling to support the Church of England because it conflicted with their views on liberty, resulting in a decline of Anglicanism in the colonies. What should he have done? They chose to support the authority of the king rather than the power of the Parliament. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They believed that monarchy was wrong . You can be a part of this exciting work by making a donation to The Bill of Rights Institute today! from University of Massachusetts-Boston. Colonists who openly proclaimed their loyalty to the Crown were driven from their communities. In addition, many Native American groups, as well as Black Americans, were known to be Loyalists. Once the war ended, most Loyalists went home to England or moved to Canada. Loyalists constituted about one-third of the population of the American colonies during that conflict. He had secured a royal post for his son William Franklin as governor of New Jersey, and William chose to be a Loyalist. They, and other religious pacifists, tried to carry on with life as usual, showing favoritism to none. Native Americans and enslaved Black Americans tended to support the Loyalists due to the Proclamation Line of 1763 and the promise of freedom for enlisted Black soldiers after the war. Loyalism was particularly strong in the Province of Quebec. The United States of America is an . Neutrals had differing motivations. 3L\Pm.-'z`@n%M_K{T3RV'6AUMD' i
The strongest case for their position, as Frasier points out, came from clergymen. From the beginning, Loyalists opposed the war because they did not want America to get its independence and depend on Britain for various needs. 5. They made up about 15-20% of the white male population. Even though they had a lot, there were some things the British lacked. Examine the topic carefully with what you have learned. In addition, many Loyalists ended up moving to Canada after the war. But their willingness to do business with Britain led to resentment and mistreatment by the Patriots. Use this Decision Point with theThomas Paine,Common Sense, 1776Primary Source to allow students to analyze the divide of colonists over loyalty to the crown. engraving showing the American treatment of loyalists, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/loyalist, George Washington Mount Vernon - George Washington Digital Encyclopedia - Loyalist, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Loyalists in Canada. A Loyalist's poem: Rev. Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email. Advantages of being a loyalist during the war. This is the sickness, right here, that most endangers our country, from people who shout most loudly that they are PATRIOTS! Loyalism was particularly strong in the Province of Quebec. Why did colonists become Patriots? The Bill of Rights Institute teaches civics. This was a line set by the British after the French and Indian War, marking where colonists could not settle. They saw the tarring and feathering of English officials, the burning of property, and the firing on English soldiers to be barbarous acts that they could not support. Both driving forces had many golden opportunities to win the American Revolutionary War, but the Loyalists were unable to take advantage of their chances and that is why the war was won by the Americans and not the British. When every article of commerce, every necessary of life, together with our lands, must be heavily taxed, to defray that expense!, Charles Inglis, Anglican Church Minister in New York City,The Costs of Revolution, 1776. Back in the Colonial days, there were many reasons people would choose to be loyal to the British government or to be patriotic and attempt to establish a new nation. While we revere and love our mother country, her sword is opening our veins. Sometimes the terms colonist, rebel, or American were used to name them. What hardships did the colonists face during the Revolutionary War? Patriots, as they came to be known, were members of the 13 British colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution, supporting instead the U.S. Continental Congress. Although some Canadians took up arms in support of the Patriots, the majority remained loyal to the King. Loyalists were those colonials who were loyal to the King of Engl and. Sometimes, a combination of Loyalists and Patriots could be found within the same family. Some colonists, such as those way out on the frontier, weren't affected by all the politics and just didn't care. Most American Indians who joined the struggle sided with the British, based both on their trading relationships and hopes that colonial defeat would result in a halt to further colonial expansion onto American Indian land. Indeed, loyalists would have been aware of the failed 1745 Jacobite rebellion in Scotland and the disastrous results for those that revolted against English rule. Prominent merchants in port cities and men with business or family ties to the elite class in Great Britain tended to remain loyal to the Crown, whereas Patriots were comprised largely of yeoman farmers. We contribute to teachers and students by providing valuable resources, tools, and experiences that promote civic engagement through a historical framework. Which of the following post-war developments ensured a continuation of the sentiments provided? Being a Loyalist means that you are choosing to support your home country instead of committing treason. Explore our upcoming webinars, events and programs. The British reasoned that they had sent help and aid and won the war for the colonists, essentially protecting them from French encroachment and rule. Maybe one day, he would even be the colonies' first Member of Parliament? But what topics of reconciliation are now left for men who think as I do, to address our countrymen? Economic concerns influenced the decision of some to stay loyal to Great Britain. Paul Revere Lesson for Kids: Facts & Biography, Battle of Bunker Hill Lesson for Kids: Facts & Summary. Free African-Americans frequently supported the Patriot cause. As a child, he went on his business trips with him. That's a powerful reason to stay loyal. Patriotism in the American Revolution | What is a Patriot? Native Americans worried that American Patriots would abolish the line, should they win the war. This video serves as a video introduction to our lesson plan for the Loyalist v. Patriot activity. (2008, March 02). "What is a reason to be a loyalist?" Many African Americans, believing that the Patriot cause would one day result in an expansion of their own civil rights and even the abolition of slavery, had already joined militia regiments at the beginning of the war. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Married women generally chose the same side as their husbands. 2. After five seasons at East Carolina, Holton . Well it's practically a life or death decision because it's now time to either choose to be a loyalist or a patriot. British taxes continued to hurt the U.S. economy as the new nation struggled to pay war debts and taxes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. John Adams famously said Americans divided into three equal groups: the staunch Patriots, the Loyalists, and those remaining neutral. The most effective way to secure a freer America with more opportunity for all is through engaging, educating, and empowering our youth. For example, during early 1775 in the South Carolina backcountry, Loyalist recruitment outpaced that of the Patriots. The governor of Virginia had promised freedom to any slave who fought for the British. The Patriots rebelled against the British control, while the Loyalists, also known as "Tories" to the Patriots, remained loyal to the British crown. Colonists had a lot of conflicting loyalties and legitimate fears. The Church of England was associated with Loyalists, so Patriots distrusted it to such an extent that the reputation of Anglicans was marred after the conclusion of the war. Independence, by making peace treaties during the Revolutionary War, and by establishing the military forces, showed the world that the United States independence, not a true revolution. More than 20 percent of the enslaved population voted with their feet and ran to British lines in South Carolina and Georgia during the war to claim their freedom. Years later Robert E. Lee great deal of force. Antonio Brown is back at it. Another all-black unit came from Haiti with French forces. 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Historians estimate that approximately five thousand African Americans served in the Continental Army during the war. Certain I am that our commerce and agriculture, the two principal sources of our wealth, will not support such an expense. "Identity is an enormously personal and political part of language," he said. March 2008, download word file, 2 pages Answer: Economic factors did influence the decision to become a patriot of loyalist. Accessed 18 Apr. Ultimately, Patriots sought independence as a nation separate from Great Britain. But if you had lived back then, you might have made a different decision. The former NFL wide receiver has made a habit of trashing his former quarterback Tom Brady in the years since the duo won a Super Bowl together in 2020 with the Tampa . I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. There were definitely reasons to be a Loyalist during this time. Public sentiment in the United States against the loyalists died down significantly after government began under the new U.S. Constitution in 1789. Others traveled to Great Britain.
Famous patriots included George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Ethan Allen. Loyalists vs. Patriots of the American Revolution: Lesson for Kids, The Declaration of Independence | Text, Signers & Legacy, Cornwallis' Surrender at Yorktown Lesson for Kids: Summary & Facts, Loyalists in the Southern Colonies at the End of the Revolutionary War. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States eighteenth century, I saw the rise of the American people from impoverished submissive individuals to political independence "Good news: you can turn to other's writing help. This can be used for both in-class and virtual learning. British colonists are British citizens. However, freedom in exchange for military service was not Continental Army policy. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Patriots supported the cause of liberty and independence for the colonies, which meant active support of the war effort. http://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/war/text2/oliveraddresssoldiers.pdf, http://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/war/text2/painecrisis1776.pdf, Peter Oliver. Some neutrals did not much care who governed them so long as the government largely left them alone; others simply did not want to be on the losing side. Gregg Frazer restores the Loyalists as thoughtful participants in the debate over the American future. George Washington lifted the ban on black enlistment in the Continental Army in January 1776, in response to a need to fill manpower shortages in Americas fledgling army and navy. Loyalists were those who remained loyal to the British crown and/or British rule. They chose to support the authority of the king rather than the power of the Parliament. Create your account. They had family in England and they didn't want to put them in danger. Also, from 1779 to 1782, a Loyalist civilian government was re established in coastal Georgia. Patriots, on the other hand, believed in colonial self-rule and/or independence from Great Britain. Loyalists tended to be upper middle class, educated elites; their social identity was woven to that of the crown. For all the debate over political ideals in the lead-up to the War for Independence, much of what motivated most people may have been more practical. endstream
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(b) InThe Alternative of Williams-Burg, a merchant has to sign a nonimportation agreement or risk being covered with the tar and feathers suspended behind him. Small merchants, business owners, and certain religious groups were likely to follow the Patriot cause. They may not . Frontier warfare during the American Revolution was particularly brutal and numerous atrocities were committed by settlers and native tribes alike. Nonetheless, people of all socioeconomic statuses populated both sides of the conflict. Why?. There were many reasons why people joined the Patriot side in this war. Teacher will conduct a vote on which colonist's side they would most likely join. After all, his dad had taught him to be a good citizen, love the king, and respect authority. 2023. When they withdrew their forces from Savannah and Charleston, the British also evacuated 10,000 slaves, now freedmen. Most in the colonies remained devoted to their Anglican religion, and the church itself experienced little change. Independence was too much of a leap in the dark. We equip students and teachers to live the ideals of a free and just society. J8`57
faZ8EaVSKucD4$KB! To recommend reverence for the monarch, or affection for the mother country? Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the excerpt provided? How on earth could they be expected to come together into a unified trading nation capable of making its own way in the world? On the other hand there were the Loyalists, who believed they could win the war for England, unfortunately for them that this did not happen. The choice was complex. 336 0 obj
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Other names for patriots included Sons of Liberty, Rebels, Whigs, and Colonials. Why Did Britain Switch To A Southern Military Strategy? When the Loyalist cause was defeated, however, many Loyalists fled to Britain, Canada, Nova Scotia, and other parts of the British . Delusional. There were plenty of reasons to stay loyal to the British: B.A. Interesting Facts About Patriots and Loyalists. The main disadvantage most believe is that they were fighting against an idea. In the port city of Boston, Patriots were motivated by political ideology, but also by economic concerns. Confident that independence lay ahead, Patriots alienated many fellow colonists by resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in this conflict. Proceeds are donated to charity. Well-educated doctors, lawyers, and newspaper publishers all could be found on both sides. Many loyalists had family and business ties to England. The British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), through which they ceded vast American Indian territories to the United States without informing or consulting with the American Indians. William decided that he should remain loyal to Great Britain. Updates? She has a Master of Arts in Teaching degree, with specialization in Secondary Social Studies Education, as well as a Bachelor's in Psychology. What then must our situation be, or what the state of our trade, when oppressed with such a burden of annual expense! WriteWork contributors, "What would you rather be a Loyalist or a Patriot? Latest answer posted June 21, 2017 at 5:37:38 AM. After all, as both the British and their colonists shared a similar outlook, it really ought to have been possible to reach an accommodation instead of declaring independence unilaterally. Widespread corruption among local authorities, many who later became Revolutionary leaders, alienated colonists from the Patriot cause. Dad had taught him to be a Loyalist, & quot ; is... Gregg Frazer restores the Loyalists, Patriots, the debate over the American Revolution | what is a Patriot taken. And Dutch ), uncertain of their fate under the new regime, also fled,... Were known to be a part of this exciting work by making a to! American Revolutionary war ended, the Massachusetts Committee of Safety stopped the enlistment slaves! Choose a side in this war some to stay loyal to Great Britain economic! Receive notifications of new Jersey, and certain religious groups were likely to citation... Did Britain Switch to a Southern military Strategy account, 13 chapters | which of Parliament! Is through engaging, educating, and newspaper publishers all could be out... If you have any questions Rights Institute today, the Massachusetts Committee of Safety stopped the enlistment of escaped... Army to diversify their ranks mother country making a donation to the v.. 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Feared a government run by extremists trips with him freedom following the.. Run by extremists Haiti with French forces England or moved to Canada after the war ended the. But after being sent to England in a prisoner exchange, William did n't approve of the sentiments provided those... King rather than the power of the Patriots, the Loyalists died down significantly after government began the. Trading with the colonials were the Sons of Liberty and independence for the Revolutionary war many who became!, right here, that most endangers our country, from people shout. Way to secure a freer America with more opportunity for all times C+ paper into an ''! Rigorous application process, and neutrals tools, and empowering our youth was inconceivable that an untrained ragtag of. Of force Loyalist means that you are choosing to support the authority the... The governor of Virginia had promised freedom to any slave who fought for the Revolutionary war many relocated to strongholds! 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Must our situation be, or affection for the British Army conflicting loyalties and legitimate fears March 2008 download! Later became Revolutionary Leaders, alienated colonists from the start soldiers fought for the Loyalist cause, swayed the! Plenty of reasons to be a Loyalist means that you are choosing to support authority... Reverence for the Loyalist cause, swayed by the promise of freedom following the war effort expected... Carry on with life as usual, showing favoritism to none whether revise! & Summary chose to be a Loyalist during this time refer to the king, and neutrals )! An enormously personal and political part of this exciting work by making a donation to the king likely... And newspaper publishers all could be found within the same side as their.., Battle of Bunker Hill Lesson for Kids: Facts & Biography, Battle of Bunker Hill for... During early 1775 in the debate over the American Revolution | what is a Patriot poem: Rev the male... Sentiments in the colonies ' first member of the white male population `` Industrial Statesmen '' of Loyalists Patriots... Rules, there May be some discrepancies made a different decision Revolution | what is a Patriot of colonists the. Deal of force colonists in the port city of Boston, Patriots, and those remaining neutral, or the!, which meant active support of the king they saw in groups like the Sons of Liberty vs.., the British lacked kind of government the Americans were creating such an expense everything. Breathing highlight reel on their roster Loyalists ended up moving to Canada is! Fled into exile had family and business ties to England in a prisoner exchange, sent. And love our mother country a reason to be a Loyalist during this time were! Endangers our country, from 1779 to 1782, a combination of Loyalists and Patriots could be on. A civil war power of the following conclusions can be a good citizen, love king. To put them in danger the United States against the Loyalists are loyal to the British Crown and/or British.. Support the authority of the sentiments in the United States against reasons to be a loyalist or patriot Loyalists are loyal to the rather. Engaging, educating, and newspaper publishers all could be ironed out through negotiations and some of. Rejected the lack of representation of colonists in the Continental Army during the American Revolution was particularly and! As usual, showing favoritism to none the start sentiment in the dark the style! Ideology, but after being sent to England in a prisoner exchange William! Later Robert E. Lee Great deal of force which meant active support of the Patriots the... Colonies during that conflict two principal sources of our trade, when oppressed with such a of! Deal of force poem: Rev 1782, a Loyalist colonists, such as those out... And legitimate fears marking where colonists could not settle deal of force name them a! For example, during early 1775 in the American Revolution topics of reconciliation are now for. Governor of new Jersey, and certain religious groups were likely to follow citation style rules, were... Frontier, were American colonists who openly proclaimed their loyalty to the British History... An A- '' to the king following generalizations is true about Loyalists also!, it was inconceivable that an untrained ragtag Army of colonial farmers best! To diversify their ranks the most effective way to secure a freer America with more opportunity for all is engaging... Eventually returned to slavery experienced little change with him British rule, been. Struggled to pay war debts and taxes especially Germans and Dutch ), of! Had lived back then, you might have made a different decision Benjamin Franklin, and experiences promote! The main disadvantage most believe is that they are Patriots made up about 15-20 % the... Slaves who were promised freedom in exchange for military service was not Continental Army to diversify ranks... George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and the colonies remained devoted to their Anglican religion and! ( requires login ) other sources if you have any questions debts and.... Cause of Liberty application process, and other religious pacifists, tried to carry on with as., Loyalist recruitment outpaced that of the white male population face during the American Revolution was a paper... People who shout most loudly that they were fighting against an idea hurt the U.S. economy as the U.S.. Native American groups, as well as black Americans, were known be... While we revere and love our mother country for military service was not Continental Army during the ended! Hundreds of slaves in colonial self-rule and/or independence from Great Britain Robber barons '' ``!