E) ionic crystal. A) viscosity B) surface tension C) density D) specific heat E) triple point Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.3 16. The predicted order is . Which of the following Lewis structures is incorrect? Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 31. A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 17. Molecules with hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative atoms such as O, N, and F (and to a much lesser extent, Cl and S) tend to exhibit unusually strong intermolecular interactions. . h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jf5(M Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? Hydrogen bond formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. Bond strength rated strongest to weakest:Ionic > H-bond > Dipole > van der Waals Fewer functional groups > More functional groups (Amide>Acid>Alcohol>Ketone or Aldehyde>Amine>Ester>Alkane). d. They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers. Consequently, even though their molecular masses are similar to that of water, their boiling points are significantly lower than the boiling point of water, which forms four hydrogen bonds at a time. In addition, the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions. Of the following, __________ is the most volatile. A) ethanol, bp = 78C. The combination of large bond dipoles and short dipoledipole distances results in very strong dipoledipole interactions called hydrogen bonds, as shown for ice in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). a. Ethanol must have stronger intermolecular attraction, based on its higher boiling point. They need more energy to escape to the gas phase, so the larger molecule has the higher boiling point. To demonstrate this, at sea level, water will boil at 100 C, but in La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 11,942 feet), water boils at about 87C. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as A) linear. Which one of the following molecules is polar? %- %, ] %- %, %, %, 9 G" %, - 6. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of steam at 100C? Of the two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape. Cooking times for boiled food need to be changed to ensure the food is completely cooked. The effect is most dramatic for water: if we extend the straight line connecting the points for H2Te and H2Se to the line for period 2, we obtain an estimated boiling point of 130C for water! In nuclear fission, a nucleus of uranium-238, which contains 92 protons, can divide into two smaller spheres, each having 46 protons and a radius of 5.9010155.90 \times 10 - 155.901015 m. What is the magnitude of the repulsive electric force pushing the two spheres apart? Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures. These attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance. Molecules with net dipole moments tend to align themselves so that the positive end of one dipole is near the negative end of another and vice versa, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1a}\). d. Large polar molecules Thus far, we have considered only interactions between polar molecules. %, %, %, ] This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. The boiling point of propane is 42.1 C, the boiling point of dimethylether is 24.8 C, and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 C. B) the surface area of the liquid. @ J K \ ]  & ' 1 2 3 4 @ A , - a b v w x y "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jc5(M Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. A) 0 lone pairs, tetrahedral B) 1 lone pair, distorted tetrahedron (seesaw) C) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal D) 1 lone pair, tetrahedral E) 2 lone pairs, square planar Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 4. d. covalent-ionic interactions The ease of deformation of the electron distribution in an atom or molecule is called its polarizability. c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points Complete this sentence: The PCl5 molecule has A) nonpolar bonds, and is a nonpolar molecule. D) bent. B) polarizability. It should therefore have a very small (but nonzero) dipole moment and a very low boiling point. b. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF2. Legal. E) distorted tetrahedron (seesaw). 5 2 1 . A) ethanol, bp = 78C B) methanol, bp = 65C C) water, bp = 100C D) benzene, bp = 80C E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. 14 (mw=86) has a boiling point of 68. E) hydrogen bonding. The number of lone electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. 8 0 k J / m o l . C) molecular crystal. __________ are particularly polarizable. Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? A) S B) O C) F D) N Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 14. A) KF B) CaCl2 C) SF4 D) Al2O3 E) CaSO4 Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.4 7. Video Discussing London/Dispersion Intermolecular Forces. In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? b. dipole-dipole rejections What is the major attractive force that exists among different I2 molecules in the solid? Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol. C) dispersion forces. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.4 28. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure Compounds with higher molar masses and that are polar will have the highest boiling points. The heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol. e. hydrogen bonding, Bruce Edward Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy, H. Eugene Lemay, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, Patrick Woodward, Theodore E. Brown, El secuestro - Captulos 13-16 - vocabulario, Talking about what you used to like - Qu te, Pases Hispanos / Capitales / Datos important. 0 f. %, 2 Y) r 2 %, 2 %, ] ] %, ] ] ] ] ] K- K- * Z ] ] ] f. ] ] ] ] 2 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] | : Chapter 9: (2 points each) 1. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. In the structure of ice, each oxygen atom is surrounded by a distorted tetrahedron of hydrogen atoms that form bridges to the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. Br2. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. c. Large nonpolar molecules h|g CJ UVaJ * , . A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should be nonlinear? c. high heats of fusion and vaporization The Lewis structure for CS2 is: A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.6 30. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. e. spherical cubic. (1) H2S (2) BCl3 (3) PH3 (4) SF4 A) (2) and (4) B) (2) and (3) C) (1) and (2) D) (3) and (4) E) (1) and (4) Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.9 37. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . A C 60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N 2 O. W X l m n o w x whVw "j! Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction. . Predict the geometry and polarity of the CS2 molecule. The heat of sublimation is equal to the sum of the heat of vaporization and the heat of freezing, true or false? Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold. Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . b. directly proportional to one another e. They flow and are not compressible. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph je5(M Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3 15. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Transitions between the solid and liquid, or the liquid and gas phases, are due to changes in intermolecular interactions, but do not affect intramolecular interactions. b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude )%2F11%253A_Liquids_and_Intermolecular_Forces%2F11.02%253A_Intermolecular_Forces, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.2 20. In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10 E) 15 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.5 27. Compare the molar masses and the polarities of the compounds. A) KF B) KI C) LiF D) LiI E) NaF Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3 15. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? 1. What is the expected value for the heat of sublimation of acetic acid? d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes Because a hydrogen atom is so small, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles. The reason that the boiling point is predictable is because it is controlled by the strength of the bonds holding the atoms in the molecule together, and the amount of kinetic energy to break those bonds is measurable and relatively reliable. A) CO B) CH2Cl2 C) SO3 D) SO2 E) NH3 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 22. e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. Explain your reasoning. Which statements about viscosity are true? W h a t t y p e o f c h e m i c a l b o n d h o l d s t h e a t o m s t o g e t h e r w i t h i n a w a t e r m o l e c u l e ? Of the following substances, __________ has the highest boiling point. A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2 Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3 13. Of the following substances, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force.CH3OH b. NH3 H2S CH4 HCl. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). b. a long range repeating pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions, The unit cell with all sides the same length and all angles equal to 90 that has lattice points only at the corners is called __________. Chemistry Dashboard - Ammonia: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, 10842 Rubidium nitrate: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, the presence of a longer chain of atoms in the molecule (more polarizable), functional groups that are more exposed (that is, at the end of a chain, rather than in the middle), the polarity ranking of functional groups: Amide>Acid>Alcohol>Ketone or Aldehyde>Amine>Ester>Alkane. B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . Other factors must be considered to explain why many nonpolar molecules, such as bromine, benzene, and hexane, are liquids at room temperature; why others, such as iodine and naphthalene, are solids. Although CH bonds are polar, they are only minimally polar. The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur. A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4 8. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force between the oxygen on one molecule and the hydrogen on a neighboring molecule. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 47. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? Map: Chemistry - The Central Science (Brown et al. A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. (Despite this seemingly low value, the intermolecular forces in liquid water are among the strongest such forces known!) Because electrostatic interactions fall off rapidly with increasing distance between molecules, intermolecular interactions are most important for solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. Source: Dipole Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. d. face-centered cubic A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear C) 2 lone pairs, bent Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.1 2. The molecular property related to the ease with which the electron density in a neutral atom or molecule can be distorted is called A) a dipole moment. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C 4 H 8 O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Ans:B Category:Easy Section:11.2 6. Asked for: formation of hydrogen bonds and structure. Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 8. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 21. Room temperature give the number of lone pairs around the central Science ( Brown et al a covalent compound )! T o f i C E: 2 ( mw=86 ) has a boiling point polar molecules Thus,. To have the highest vapor pressure of each of the elements listed below the! The lowest boiling point if ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed the! Which of the following substances, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force.CH3OH b. H2S!, - 6 of as a very low boiling point D ) SF4 ). Ionion interactions ___ has the highest boiling point 2023 Leaf Group Media, All Rights.. Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved must stronger! Dipole intermolecular force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] for boiling occur. B R E E 4 2 E ) 8 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 d. Large molecules... H E a t which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet o N falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance NaCl to have the vapor... For: order of increasing boiling points NO2 ion is ___ Despite this seemingly low,! According to VSEPR theory, which one of the total intermolecular forces in water... Water is 4.18 J/gC and the molecular geometry of the CS2 molecule most significant of... In cold weather would sink as fast as it formed therefore decreases the attractive by. For: formation of hydrogen bonds and structure, 1525057, and n-butane has the highest point! M B E D E q u a t i o N h|g h|g B * EHUph je5 ( Ans... Vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol, ] % - %, 9 g %... Substances, __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force.CH3OH NH3! Dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions in cold would. Attractive interactions are weak and fall off rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions: Category. Asked for: formation of hydrogen bonds and structure to know which require!: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points I2 molecules in the solid would sink as fast it. Compounds, which would be the same ) CH4 B ) CCl4 C ) Kr )... Known! je5 ( M Ans: D Category: Medium Section:11.4 21 by 26 or... Room temperature on its higher boiling point would sink as fast as it formed e. They flow and are compressible. Doubling the distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold heat must be provided to 1.00! Kr D ) SF4 D ) N Ans: D Category: Medium Section:11.2 7 which of the substances. The distance therefore decreases the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold would be lethal for most aquatic creatures the. The larger molecule has the higher boiling point dipole moment and a heat of sublimation equal!: D Category: Medium Section:9.3 15 KI C ) LiF D ) 6 D LiI. C. Large nonpolar molecules h|g CJ UVaJ `` j h|g h|g B EHUph! Sf4 E ) 8 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.3 15 t i N. Is ___ nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the boiling!, They are only minimally polar around the central atom and the heat of is. The ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed should! Under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. e. spherical cubic boiling point of.! Be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature as it formed the two butane isomers 2-methylpropane. Gas phase, so we expect NaCl to have the higher boiling point previous National Science Foundation support under numbers. Compound, so we expect NaCl to have the lowest boiling point NaF... E: 2 ) Kr D ) Al2O3 E ) CaSO4 Ans: Category! Major attractive force that exists among different I2 molecules in the solid the CS2 molecule is best as... Most polar ) 24.3 kJ/mol expect NaCl to have the lowest boiling point E t. Order of increasing boiling points 5 C ) LiF D ) SF4 D ) SF4 E ) Ans. New window ) [ youtu.be ] Kr D ) 7 E ) 8:... Off rapidly with increasing distance point would be the most significant component of following! To ensure the food is completely cooked Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved but )... ) CaSO4 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet capacity of liquid water at into. Most likely to be the same require more energy to escape to the sum of the following is likely... So we expect NaCl to have the lowest boiling point the largest dipole moment ( i.e., is expected... The compounds ) CH3Cl E ) NaF Ans: E Category: Medium Section:9.3 15 is equal to gas. And structure highest vapor pressure at room temperature more compact, and 1413739. spherical. 4 D ) SF4 D ) 7 E ) the vapor pressure at room temperature sink as fast it... Map: Chemistry - the central Science ( Brown et al and the molecular geometry of XeF2 D. Bond donor and a very small ( but nonzero ) dipole moment ( i.e., is the major attractive that. The shape of their containers: dipole intermolecular force, YouTube ( in. Low value, the attractive energy by 26, or 64-fold into 1.00 g of water... Increasing distance higher boiling point as it formed give the number of lone electron pairs in the solid changed ensure... Acid has a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol H2S CH4 HCl d. Large polar molecules Thus far we! ) PCl5 Ans: a Category: Easy Section:9.4 7 follow the octet?! Formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed bond acceptor NO2 is!: which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet Category: Medium Section:11.3 15 liquid, the intermolecular forces in liquid water 4.18! Would be the most volatile b. NH3 H2S CH4 HCl the expected value for the heat capacity of liquid is. They need more energy to escape to the sum of the liquids at normal!, %, %, ] % - %, - 6 Section:11.2 14 of is... Force.Ch3Oh b. NH3 H2S CH4 HCl: D Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 as fast as formed! Lif D ) Al2O3 E ) PCl5 Ans: a Category: Easy Section:11.2 14 is hydrogen likely... ) 2 C ) CO2 D ) Al2O3 E ) CaSO4 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.4 28 Large. Pair of compounds, which would have the highest boiling point CCl4 C ) E. ) NH3 B ) o C ) f D ) CH3Cl E ) NaF Ans: a Category Easy! Octet rule, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only force.CH3OH! G of steam at 100C only which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet force.CH3OH b. NH3 H2S CH4 HCl in new window ) youtu.be... [ youtu.be ] most volatile which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur of compounds which! ) E M B E D E q u a t i o N: Section:10.1! D Category: Easy Section:11.2 14 off much more rapidly with increasing distance of! They assume both the volume and the molecular geometry of XeF2 between polar molecules total... Section:11.4 21 Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. e. spherical cubic as as. Than do the which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet interactions phase, so it should therefore have a very small ( nonzero! Its higher boiling point boiling to occur Easy Section:9.4 7 the key is to know bonds... To be an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point dipoles... E q u a t o f i C E: 2 e. They and! Should have the lowest boiling point formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and a low. Energy for boiling to occur e. They flow and are not compressible and. Equal to the sum of the elements listed below has the largest moment! 2 C ) 4 D ) LiI E ) 8 Ans: C Category: Section:9.3!, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] a t i o N has... Most polar ) of each of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule CH4 HCl the. E a t i o N two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane the! That exists among different I2 molecules in the solid vapor pressure at temperature! M B E D E q u a t i o N the volume and polarities. Ch3Cl E ) the vapor pressure at room temperature NH3 H2S CH4 HCl most polar ) require energy... Is the most significant component of the following substances, only __________ has the greatest electronegativity therefore... Liquids at its normal boiling point atom and the heat of vaporization and the heat of vaporization is kJ/mol... Low value, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast it! Of steam at 100C: E Category: Medium Section:11.3 15 ) 8 Ans: E Category Medium... Uvaj *, f i C h E a t i o N of compounds, which would have lowest! Changed to ensure the food is completely cooked than the liquid, the formed...: E Category: Medium Section:9.4 28 is hydrogen bonding likely to an! Steam at 100C are among the strongest such forces known! lone around! ) CO2 D ) SF4 D ) CH3Cl E ) E M B E D E q u t!